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高原封闭、半封闭型湖泊是气候和环境演化的敏感指示器，其沉积物记录具有连续性、敏感性和高分辨率的特点。高原湖泊沉积记录在恢复和重塑各种短时间尺度（千年、百年、十年）的气候和环境演化序列上，具有其它自然历史记录无法替代的优势，尤其在揭示近代环境污染历史方面更有其独到之处。本文通过对洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相的研究，利用因子分析方法，识别了沉积物重金属的主要来源和影响其分布的主要因素，即：流域侵蚀作用、大气沉降作用、工业废水与生活污水的排放，以及早期成岩作用。同时，结合沉积物柱芯210PBex计年结果，本文初步评价了洱海150多年来的重金属污染历史：1958年以来．因为化石燃料使用量的增加．洱海湖区大气污染日趋严重；1982年后，由于西洱河水电站的建成运行和湖区植被的破坏，流域侵蚀作用显著加强，应当引起重视。
Plateau closed and semi-closed lakes are sensitive indicators of climate and environmental evolution. Sediment records are characterized by continuity, sensitivity and high resolution. Plateau lakes sedimentary records have the advantage that other natural historical records can not be replaced, especially in revealing the history of modern environmental pollution, on the sequence of climate and environmental evolution that restores and remolds various short-term scales (years, centuries and ten years) Its unique. Based on the study of heavy metal geochemistry of sediments in Erhai Lake, the paper uses factor analysis method to identify the main sources of heavy metals in sediments and the main factors influencing their distribution, namely: basin erosion, atmospheric sedimentation, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage Emissions, as well as early diagenesis. At the same time, combined with the 210PBex dating results of sediment cores, this paper initially evaluates the history of heavy metal pollution in Erhai Lake for more than 150 years: since 1958. Because of the increased use of fossil fuels. After 1982, due to the completion and operation of the Xierhe Hydropower Station and the destruction of vegetation in the lake area, the erosion in the basin has been significantly strengthened, and deserves our attention.