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胰岛素是一种可降低血糖水平的多肽类激素,只在胰岛β细胞中分泌。胰岛素基因的转录由多种转录因子引发。转录因子MafA具有β细胞特异性,其在激活胰岛素基因启动子和产生胰岛素的过程中起重要作用。MafA还可以调节多种在胰岛β细胞中起作用的蛋白的表达。MafA的丰度由多种因素在转录和翻译等水平进行调节。利用基因工程的方法使非β细胞过度表达MafA等转录因子,建立分泌胰岛素的细胞系,有可能成为糖尿病基因治疗的一个靶点。本文就转录因子MafA的特点、其在胰岛β细胞中的作用、MafA的表达与调节及其与糖尿病的关系作一综述。
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone that lowers blood glucose levels and is secreted only in pancreatic beta cells. Insulin gene transcription is triggered by a variety of transcription factors. The transcription factor MafA has beta-cell specificity, which plays an important role in the activation of the insulin gene promoter and the production of insulin. MafA also regulates the expression of many proteins that play a role in islet beta cells. The abundance of MafA is regulated by a variety of factors at the transcriptional and translational levels. Genetic engineering to make non-β cells over-expression of MafA and other transcription factors, the establishment of insulin-secreting cell lines, may become a target for the gene therapy of diabetes. In this paper, the characteristics of transcription factor MafA, its role in pancreatic β-cell, the expression and regulation of MafA and its relationship with diabetes mellitus are reviewed.