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英国十九世纪艺术批评家约翰·罗斯金(John Ruskin,1819-1900)被誉为维多利亚时代的圣人,其艺术思想对近代英国的艺术发展产生过不可估量的影响。这个时期重要的艺术流派和艺术思潮都在不同程度上受到罗斯金的影响。十九世纪晚期流行于英国和欧洲大陆的唯美主义运动的产生和发展与罗斯金就有着密切而复杂的联系,罗斯金从一个唯美主义运动的朋友和引领人,最后变成了唯美主义运动的反对者。他与一些唯美主义者长期保持着师生和朋友关系,但是最终又与画家惠斯勒对簿公堂;他的某些艺术观点成为唯美主义者的一种激励和指导,但是他又在自己的著作和演讲中明确表示对唯美主义艺术观的批评。本文从文本细读出发,探讨罗斯金如何从早期的唯美主义者转变成唯美主义的大敌。
The nineteenth-century British art critic John Ruskin (1819-1900) was hailed as the saint of the Victorian era. His artistic thinking had an immeasurable influence on the artistic development of modern Britain. The important art genres and artistic trends of this period are influenced by the Russians to varying degrees. The emergence and development of the aesthetic movement prevalent in England and continental Europe in the late nineteenth century had a close and complicated relationship with that of Ruskin. From the friend and leader of an aesthetic movement, Ruskin eventually turned into an aesthetic movement Opponents. He had long maintained a relationship of teacher-student relationship with some estheticists, but ended up with the painter Whistler in court; some of his artistic views became an inspiration and guide for the aestheticists, but in his own book And the speech made it clear that the criticism of the aestheticist view of art. This article starts from a careful reading of the text and explores how Rosekin transformed from an early aestheticist to an amateur of aestheticism.