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为了评价苹果园种植年限对土壤微生物和土壤肥力的影响,选择不同种植年限的果园,利用平板培养和脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)图谱法研究不同树龄苹果园土壤微生物生态特征变化。结果表明,壮龄果园的土壤微生物活性最高,是幼龄果园的1.23倍,老龄果园的1.37倍;幼龄和壮龄果园微生物生物量差异不显著,但均远大于老龄果园,约为老龄果园的3倍;随着树龄增大,细菌/真菌的比例下降,放线菌的含量也随树龄增大而降低;土壤微生物的多样性随树龄增大先增高后降低,以壮龄果园的微生物多样性为最好。果树的长期种植引起了土壤理化性质及土壤微生物数量、活性、多样性及种群结构的改变。通过研究不同树龄苹果园的土壤微生物生态特征,以期能为根据不同树龄果园土壤状况进行合理管理和解决重茬障碍提供一定的依据。
In order to evaluate the influence of apple orchard planting years on soil microorganism and soil fertility, the orchard with different planting years was selected to study the changes of soil microbial ecological characteristics in apple orchards of different ages by using plate culture and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mapping. The results showed that young orchard had the highest soil microbial activity, which was 1.23 times of young orchard and 1.37 times of old orchard. The difference of microbial biomass between young and young orchard was not significant, but it was much larger than that of old orchard With the increase of tree age, the ratio of bacteria to fungi decreased, and the content of actinomycetes also decreased with the increase of tree age. The diversity of soil microorganisms firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of tree age, Diversity is the best. The long-term planting of fruit trees has caused the changes of soil physical and chemical properties as well as the quantity, activity, diversity and population structure of soil microorganisms. By studying the ecological characteristics of soil microorganisms in apple orchards of different ages, it is hoped to provide a basis for the reasonable management and solving the obstacles of continuous cropping according to the soil condition of different age orchards.