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目的探讨大剂量(3 000 mg/kg)三聚氰胺急性染毒24 h后大鼠泌尿系统损伤情况。方法将清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,分别为空白对照组、溶剂对照组(1%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液)和实验组(三聚氰胺染毒剂量3 000mg/kg),每组10只。单次经口染毒,观察24 h。24 h后处死动物,取血清检测尿素氮、肌酐和尿酸,称量心、肝、脾、肾、膀胱并计算脏器系数,对心、肝、脾、肾、输尿管和膀胱进行病理学观察。结果大剂量三聚氰胺染毒24 h后,实验组大鼠出现血尿、少动、眼睑下垂、体重下降,无死亡;尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸值和肾脏器系数均高于空白对照组和溶剂对照组(P<0.05),肝、脾脏器系数低于两对照组(P<0.05)。肉眼观察实验组大鼠肾表面出现灰白色斑,膀胱充血,在输尿管和膀胱中有结晶样物质形成;显微镜下见输尿管和膀胱组织出现局部黏膜缺损和红细胞渗出。结论大剂量三聚氰胺染毒24 h后即可在泌尿系统形成结晶样物质,泌尿系统功能损伤严重。
Objective To investigate the urinary system injury of rats exposed to large doses (3 000 mg / kg) of melamine for 24 h. Methods Clean male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: blank control group, solvent control group (1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution) and experimental group (melamine dose of 3 000 mg / kg) 10 only Single oral exposure, observed 24 h. The animals were sacrificed 24 h later, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid were measured. The heart, liver, spleen, kidney and bladder were counted and the organ coefficients were calculated. The pathological changes of heart, liver, spleen, kidney, ureter and bladder were observed. Results After 24 hours exposure to high-dose melamine, hematuria, less movement, ptosis and weight loss were observed in the experimental group. The blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid level and renal coefficient were all higher than those in the blank control group and solvent control group (P <0.05). The coefficients of liver and spleen organs were lower than those of the two control groups (P <0.05). Macroscopically, the rats in the experimental group showed gray spots on the surface of the kidney, congestion of the bladder and formation of crystal-like substances in the ureter and the bladder. Local mucosal defects and erythrocyte effusion appeared in the ureter and the bladder under the microscope. Conclusion High-dose melamine can form crystalline-like substance in the urinary system after 24 h of exposure, and the urinary system function is seriously damaged.