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目的了解某大型铟冶炼厂作业工人的生命质量,为预防和控制铟冶炼接触人群健康危害提供依据。方法对某铟冶炼厂作业场所空气中职业病危害因素进行调查、检测,按国家职业卫生标准进行评价;采用健康调查量表(SF-36)对208名铟冶炼厂作业工人(观察组)和243名铟冶炼厂辅助工种工人(对照组)进行问卷调查并分析。结果铟冶炼过程中存在粉尘、铅、砷、镉、铟、砷化氢、各种酸碱、噪声、高温等职业病危害因素,其中砷化氢浓度超过国家职业卫生标准。两组调查人群躯体功能和社会角色功能分值接近;观察组躯体疼痛、总体健康、生命活力分值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在心理健康方面,两组心理功能对角色的影响比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组的心理健康分值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女之间躯体功能对角色的影响、躯体疼痛、总体健康、社会角色功能等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性分值均低于男性。结论某铟冶炼厂主要作业场所存在粉尘、化学、物理等职业病危害因素;与对照组比较,铟冶炼厂职业接触人群的生命质量较低,多处于亚健康状态。铟冶炼厂作业工人职业接触引起的职业危害必须引起重视。
Objective To understand the quality of life of workers in a large-scale Indium smelter and provide the basis for preventing and controlling the health hazards of people exposed to Indium smelting. Methods Occupational hazards in the workplace of an indium smelter were investigated and tested in accordance with the national occupational health standards. 208 health workers (observation group) and 243 Indium smelter auxiliary workers (control group) were surveyed and analyzed. Results Indium smelting process exists dust, lead, arsenic, cadmium, indium, arsine, various acid-base, noise, high temperature and other occupational hazards, of which arsenic concentration exceeds the national occupational health standards. The scores of somatic function and social role function of two groups were similar. The scores of somatic pain, general health and vitality in observation group were lower than those in control group (P <0.05). In terms of mental health, the mental function of the two groups had no significant difference in their role (P> 0.05). The mental health score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). The body function between men and women had significant difference (P <0.05), body pain, general health and social role. The scores of women were lower than those of men. Conclusion Occupational disease hazards such as dust, chemical and physical exist in the main workplace of an indium smelter. Compared with the control group, the quality of life of occupationally exposed people in the indium smelter is low and mostly in the sub-healthy state. Occupational hazards caused by occupational exposure of workers in indium smelters must be taken seriously.