The surface of nodular cast iron(NCI) with a ferrite substrate was rapidly remelted and solidified by plasma transferred arc(PTA) to induce a chilled structure with high hardness and favorable wear resistance. The effect of scanning speed on the microstructure, microhardness distribution, and wear properties of PTA-remelted specimens was systematically investigated. Microstructural characterization indicated that the PTA remelting treatment could dissolve most graphite nodules and that the crystallized primary austenite dendrites were transformed into cementite, martensite, an interdendritic network of ledeburite eutectic, and certain residual austenite during rapid solidification. The dimensions of the remelted zone and its dendrites increase with decreased scanning speed. The microhardness of the remelted zone varied in the range of 650 HV0.2 to 820 HV0.2, which is approximately 2.3–3.1 times higher than the hardness of the substrate. The wear resistance of NCI was also significantly improved after the PTA remelting treatment. The surface of nodular cast iron (NCI) with a ferrite substrate was rapidly remelted and solidified by plasma transferred arc (PTA) to induce a chilled structure with high hardness and favorable wear resistance. The effect of scanning speed on the microstructure, microhardness distribution, and wear properties of PTA-remelted specimens was systematically investigated. The Microstructural characterization indicated that the PTA remelting treatment could dissolve most graphite nodules and that the crystallized primary austenite dendrites were transformed into cementite, martensite, an interdendritic network of ledeburite eutectic, and certain residual austenite During rapid solidification. The dimensions of the remelted zone and its dendrites increase with decreased scanning speed. The microhardness of the remelted zone varied in the range of 650 HV0.2 to 820 HV0.2, which is approximately 2.3-3.1 times higher than the hardness of the substrate. The wear resistance of NCI was also significant ly improved after the PTA remelting treatment.