19世纪末,世界迎来了工业革命的浪潮,大机器的生产方式促成了物质资源和人力资源大规模的结合,由此诞生的“金字塔”式等级结构的组织模式成为工业文明的一种象征。20世纪末的发展掀起了以知识为基础的经济(Knowledge—basedEconomy)浪潮,企业的巨大金字塔在这一背景冲击下岌岌可危。美国《商业周刊》指出,在管理得最好的公司里,僵硬的等级结构开始瓦解。一度影响了整个20世纪的等级结构组织模式,看上去像一座正在坍塌的古老纪念碑。与此同时,约翰·奈斯比特在《大趋势》一书中预言:“将来,各种机构将按照建立在网络模式基础上的 The 19th century, the world ushered in the wave of the Industrial Revolution, the production of large machines contributed to the large-scale combination of material and human resources, the resulting “pyramid” hierarchical structure of the organizational model has become a symbol of industrial civilization. The development of the end of the twentieth century set off a wave of knowledge-based economy, in which the huge pyramid of enterprises is in jeopardy. BusinessWeek in the United States pointed out that in the best-managed companies, the rigid hierarchy began to collapse. Once affected the hierarchical structure of the entire 20th century mode of organization, looks like a collapsing ancient monument. In the meantime, John Naisbitt predicted in the book Megatrends: "In the future, various institutions will follow the model established on the basis of the Internet