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目的观察健康成人补充维生素A(VA)后铁营养状况的变化。方法选择115名健康成人志愿者,按血清视黄醇浓度用区组设计方法将男女志愿者随机分入4组(男、女各半),在日常膳食的基础上,分别补充不同剂量的VA,干预剂量(以视黄醇计)分别为600μg/d(A组)、400μg/d(B组)、200μg/d(C组)和0μg/d(D组),干预期4个月。补充剂为微胶囊化的视黄酰乙酸酯,将5日剂量装入1粒胶囊,每5日口服1粒。胶囊外包装只标注剂量类型,现场实验人员和受试者均不知道每一种胶囊的补充类型。干预期内,受试者接受常规膳食,每月进行1次24h回顾性膳食调查。干预试验前后,采集空腹上臂静脉血,取血清测定血液血红蛋白(Hb)浓度,血清视黄醇、血清铁(SI)、铁蛋白(SF)和转铁蛋白受体(TfR)浓度。结果共有108名受试者完成干预试验,A、B、C和D组各为27、28、27和26名。干预期内,4组受试者膳食能量营养素、视黄醇当量(RE)和铁摄入量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。干预结束后,A组受试者血清视黄醇浓度从干预前的(1.63±0.55)μmol/L升高到了(1.93±0.52)μmol/L(P<0.05);B和C组血清视黄醇浓度分别平均升高了0.29μmol/L和0.14μmol/L(均为P<0.05);而对照组D组变化不显著(P>0.05)。干预试验前后各组Hb差异没有显著性(P>0.05);高剂量VA组受试者干预后SI浓度比干预前显著升高,而SF和TfR浓度则显著降低(均为P<0.05);中剂量组和低剂量组在干预前后SF和TfR未见显著性变化。结论铁营养状况正常的成人,在没有专门给予膳食铁干预的情况下,通过较大剂量VA补充干预,铁营养状况仍然得到进一步提高。
Objective To observe the changes of iron nutritional status of healthy adults after vitamin A supplementation. Methods A total of 115 healthy adult volunteers were enrolled. According to the serum retinol concentration, male and female volunteers were randomly divided into 4 groups (male and female half). On the basis of daily diet, different doses of VA The intervention dose was 600μg / d (group A), 400μg / d (group B), 200μg / d (group C) and 0μg / d (group D) respectively. The intervention period was 4 months. The supplement is a microencapsulated retinoic acid ester and the 5-day dose is filled in 1 capsule and 1 capsule orally every 5 days. Capsule packaging only labeled dose type, field experimenters and subjects are not aware of each type of capsule supplement. During the intervention period, subjects underwent a regular diet and conducted a 24-hour retrospective dietary survey monthly. Before and after the intervention, fasting upper arm venous blood was collected. Serum levels of hemoglobin (Hb), serum retinol, serum iron (SI), ferritin (SF) and transferrin receptor (TfR) were measured. Results A total of 108 subjects completed the intervention trial, with 27, 28, 27 and 26 for Groups A, B, C and D, respectively. During the intervention period, there was no significant difference in dietary energy nutrients, retinal equivalents (RE) and iron intake between the four groups (P> 0.05). After intervention, serum retinol concentration in group A increased from 1.63 ± 0.55 μmol / L to 1.93 ± 0.52 μmol / L before intervention (P <0.05) Alcohol concentration increased by 0.29μmol / L and 0.14μmol / L, respectively (all P <0.05), while the control group, D group, had no significant change (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in Hb between the two groups before and after the intervention (P> 0.05). The SI concentration in the high dose VA group was significantly higher than that before the intervention, while the SF and TfR concentrations were significantly lower (all P <0.05). There was no significant change of SF and TfR in middle and low dose groups before and after intervention. Conclusion In normal adults with normal iron nutrition, iron supplementation is still further enhanced by intervention with larger doses of VA without dietary iron intervention.