苏东剧变后匈牙利马克思主义出现了三个转向:一是后马克思主义转向,从马克思“主义”返回到马克思本身,将马克思的思想作为一种与现代性相关的政治哲学,而放弃“主义”之称;二是激进批判转向,仍然坚持激进的马克思主义批判,寻找无产阶级革命的阶级基础;三是温和批判转向,寻找资本主义的新社会主义替代。 After the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, three orientations emerged in Hungarian Marxism: one is the shift from post-Marxism to the return from Marxism to Marxism, the abandonment of Marxist thought as a political philosophy related to modernity, The second is radical change of criticism, insisting on radical Marxist critique and looking for the class basis of the proletarian revolution. The third is a moderate criticism of the shift toward a new socialist alternative to capitalism.