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【摘 要】小学是英语学习的启蒙阶段,在实际教学中,会遇到教学的心灵困境,认为情境创设约新颖越好、学习活动越丰富越好、学习策略越全面越好、情感渗透越明显越好。怎样走出这些困境,营造出真实的英语课堂,需要老师用真实的语言,真实的任务,真实的情感来进行教学。
【关键词】真实;语境;任务;情感
一、真实的语境,打开语言之匣
在熟悉的情境中,学生不会产生陌生感,不会产生学习的畏惧心理,熟悉的情境有利于激起学生的生活经验,有利于他们的语言表达。林莉老师在5B 《At the weekends》一课的教学中,就用真实的语言交流激发学生大胆表达。
T: Just now, you talked about your weekends. Let’s talk about my weekends. Can you guess what I do at weekends?
S1: Perhaps you drink coffee.
T: Yes. You know I like coffee. But I drink coffee every day. Not only at weekends.
S2: I think maybe you go to the cafe. Maybe you go to the shop and buy mugs.
T: With whom?
S2: With your friends.( 教师板书:go to the cafe with my friends)
T: Anything else?
S2: Maybe you play with your son.
T: I not only play with him, but also…Can you guess this one?
(教师给出关键词:take)。
S3: Maybe you take photos for him.
S4: I think you take your boy to have lessons.
T: I give you lessons. He’s only three. I don’t give him lessons.
S3: Maybe you take him to the park.
T: Very close to the answer. My answer is take care of him…
老师没有给学生设定情境,而是随着与学生自然的交流机智地展开知识的教授,不突兀,不生硬,自然流畅,学生在熟悉的语境中更能自信,大胆地表达,让口语得到充分锻炼的。
二、真实的任务,启迪思维之匙
1.真实的学习任务
真0实的学习任务能帮助学生更有效的理解掌握知识,通过层层深入的方式,带着任务与目的进行学习。以林莉老师5B《At the weekends》一课为例,老师给出了以下任务:任务一:听课文录音,选出本课话;任务二:阅读课文,画出思维导图;任务三:再读课文,分别用5★,4★,3★,2★在思维导图中标出人物活动的频率;任务四:根据思维导图,和同桌一起用频率副词谈论文中人物的周末活动,教师检测谈论情况;任务五:完成判断题:
( )Su Hai and Su Yang care about their grandparents.
( ) Mike doesn’t care about his grandparents.
( ) Mike and Liu Tao don’t like sports.
这些任务不是架空的,也不是毫无逻辑联系的,而是由浅入深,层层递进。通过不同的方式带着目的性来解决问题,完成真实的任务,学生的学习事半功倍。
2.真实的运用任务
真实的运用任务要求老师在布置任务的时候能联系学生的实际生活,通过切实,真实的情景设定来运用知识。
作业:决定自己想要的周末活动,通过采访、阅读、看视频等方式进行了解、准备汇报和交流。具体操作如下:
1.教师呈现自己撰写的关于英国人周末活动的文章
2.询问学生对谁的周末活动感兴趣,学生各抒己见
3.指导学生了解获得信息的途径,如采访,阅读,看视频等
学生的选择是真实的,学生接收到的任务的信息是真实的,学生解决任务的手段是真实的,学生所呈现的效果也是真实的。运动真实的手段,亲力亲为,不设定框架,自由发挥,学以致用,广泛扩充,让学生获得能力提升的同时,感受到完成任务的乐趣。
三、真实的情感,开启心灵之窗
一堂课,不仅仅是老师对学生知识教授,更是师生之间真实的情感交流。老师不能只是个说教者,而应该是个倾听者,平等的交流者。以教师的真诚换学生的真诚,以教师的真实换学生的真实。同样是在林莉老师5B 《At the weekends》一课,老师能站在学生的角度,体会他们真实的情感。
T:I think you know about American kids’ weekends. What about yours? What’s the differences?
S: Their weekend is interesting. They do many sports, but we do a lot of homework.
S:I think American kids are very lucky. They live in America,but we must have many lessons and exams. we are very busy. They are so happy. And many kids in my class are not happy. T: Is that true? You are not happy? You can talk to your parents and tell them about it.
S: But they don’t agree.
T: You may finish your homework very quickly. And you can say“ I want to…”
老师没有设定藩篱,老师真诚的倾听,真诚的对话,让学生打开心扉,畅所欲言。沈峰老师也在她的课堂上向我们展示了真实情感的魅力。
案例1:单词hair 的教学
当教到单词hair时,老师让学生描述她的头发“Your hair is yellow. Your hair is black. Your hair is brown…”对于学生创造性的回答老师非但不打击,反而鼓励道“You mean my hair is colorful. I have colorful hair. Do you like my hair?”
案例2:单词thin的教学
当教授thin这个单词时,老师问“Are you thin?”学生回答“Yes, I am thin.”老师追问 “Am I thin?”学生毫不客气的回答“No,you are fat.”接着老师调侃自己“I know I’m fat.”
面对学生看似不礼貌的回答,沈峰老师并没有生气,而是幽默的进行回答,与学生真诚的对话,鼓励而非指责,学生受到鼓舞,大胆的与老师交流,收到意想不到的效果。
真诚地对待学生、关注学生的发展、关注智慧的生成才是一堂真实的课。学生的学习并非只是知识的获得,更多是人格的发展,情感的升华。智慧的老师懂得如何让课堂变得生动、活泼、有趣,让学生体会到学习的乐趣,掌握学习的要领,更要促进其身心的健康发展,培养良好的人格品质,这些都需要从真实的英语课堂中习得,创设真实的语境,打开语言之匣;布置真实的任务,启迪思维之匙;体会真实的情感,开启心灵之窗。感受英语学习的真实的乐趣。
【参考文献】
[1]《小学英语教学设计》, 2015年第16期
[2] 文秋芳. 英语学习策略论 [M].上海:上海外语教育出版社
【关键词】真实;语境;任务;情感
一、真实的语境,打开语言之匣
在熟悉的情境中,学生不会产生陌生感,不会产生学习的畏惧心理,熟悉的情境有利于激起学生的生活经验,有利于他们的语言表达。林莉老师在5B 《At the weekends》一课的教学中,就用真实的语言交流激发学生大胆表达。
T: Just now, you talked about your weekends. Let’s talk about my weekends. Can you guess what I do at weekends?
S1: Perhaps you drink coffee.
T: Yes. You know I like coffee. But I drink coffee every day. Not only at weekends.
S2: I think maybe you go to the cafe. Maybe you go to the shop and buy mugs.
T: With whom?
S2: With your friends.( 教师板书:go to the cafe with my friends)
T: Anything else?
S2: Maybe you play with your son.
T: I not only play with him, but also…Can you guess this one?
(教师给出关键词:take)。
S3: Maybe you take photos for him.
S4: I think you take your boy to have lessons.
T: I give you lessons. He’s only three. I don’t give him lessons.
S3: Maybe you take him to the park.
T: Very close to the answer. My answer is take care of him…
老师没有给学生设定情境,而是随着与学生自然的交流机智地展开知识的教授,不突兀,不生硬,自然流畅,学生在熟悉的语境中更能自信,大胆地表达,让口语得到充分锻炼的。
二、真实的任务,启迪思维之匙
1.真实的学习任务
真0实的学习任务能帮助学生更有效的理解掌握知识,通过层层深入的方式,带着任务与目的进行学习。以林莉老师5B《At the weekends》一课为例,老师给出了以下任务:任务一:听课文录音,选出本课话;任务二:阅读课文,画出思维导图;任务三:再读课文,分别用5★,4★,3★,2★在思维导图中标出人物活动的频率;任务四:根据思维导图,和同桌一起用频率副词谈论文中人物的周末活动,教师检测谈论情况;任务五:完成判断题:
( )Su Hai and Su Yang care about their grandparents.
( ) Mike doesn’t care about his grandparents.
( ) Mike and Liu Tao don’t like sports.
这些任务不是架空的,也不是毫无逻辑联系的,而是由浅入深,层层递进。通过不同的方式带着目的性来解决问题,完成真实的任务,学生的学习事半功倍。
2.真实的运用任务
真实的运用任务要求老师在布置任务的时候能联系学生的实际生活,通过切实,真实的情景设定来运用知识。
作业:决定自己想要的周末活动,通过采访、阅读、看视频等方式进行了解、准备汇报和交流。具体操作如下:
1.教师呈现自己撰写的关于英国人周末活动的文章
2.询问学生对谁的周末活动感兴趣,学生各抒己见
3.指导学生了解获得信息的途径,如采访,阅读,看视频等
学生的选择是真实的,学生接收到的任务的信息是真实的,学生解决任务的手段是真实的,学生所呈现的效果也是真实的。运动真实的手段,亲力亲为,不设定框架,自由发挥,学以致用,广泛扩充,让学生获得能力提升的同时,感受到完成任务的乐趣。
三、真实的情感,开启心灵之窗
一堂课,不仅仅是老师对学生知识教授,更是师生之间真实的情感交流。老师不能只是个说教者,而应该是个倾听者,平等的交流者。以教师的真诚换学生的真诚,以教师的真实换学生的真实。同样是在林莉老师5B 《At the weekends》一课,老师能站在学生的角度,体会他们真实的情感。
T:I think you know about American kids’ weekends. What about yours? What’s the differences?
S: Their weekend is interesting. They do many sports, but we do a lot of homework.
S:I think American kids are very lucky. They live in America,but we must have many lessons and exams. we are very busy. They are so happy. And many kids in my class are not happy. T: Is that true? You are not happy? You can talk to your parents and tell them about it.
S: But they don’t agree.
T: You may finish your homework very quickly. And you can say“ I want to…”
老师没有设定藩篱,老师真诚的倾听,真诚的对话,让学生打开心扉,畅所欲言。沈峰老师也在她的课堂上向我们展示了真实情感的魅力。
案例1:单词hair 的教学
当教到单词hair时,老师让学生描述她的头发“Your hair is yellow. Your hair is black. Your hair is brown…”对于学生创造性的回答老师非但不打击,反而鼓励道“You mean my hair is colorful. I have colorful hair. Do you like my hair?”
案例2:单词thin的教学
当教授thin这个单词时,老师问“Are you thin?”学生回答“Yes, I am thin.”老师追问 “Am I thin?”学生毫不客气的回答“No,you are fat.”接着老师调侃自己“I know I’m fat.”
面对学生看似不礼貌的回答,沈峰老师并没有生气,而是幽默的进行回答,与学生真诚的对话,鼓励而非指责,学生受到鼓舞,大胆的与老师交流,收到意想不到的效果。
真诚地对待学生、关注学生的发展、关注智慧的生成才是一堂真实的课。学生的学习并非只是知识的获得,更多是人格的发展,情感的升华。智慧的老师懂得如何让课堂变得生动、活泼、有趣,让学生体会到学习的乐趣,掌握学习的要领,更要促进其身心的健康发展,培养良好的人格品质,这些都需要从真实的英语课堂中习得,创设真实的语境,打开语言之匣;布置真实的任务,启迪思维之匙;体会真实的情感,开启心灵之窗。感受英语学习的真实的乐趣。
【参考文献】
[1]《小学英语教学设计》, 2015年第16期
[2] 文秋芳. 英语学习策略论 [M].上海:上海外语教育出版社