实验设计经常出现在生物教材和习题中,也是高考所亲睐的题型。因为这类试题不但能考查学生在实验方面的基础知识,而且能考查其动手能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力以及创新能力,这也恰恰是新课标所要求的。在生物实验教学中,目前存在的问题主要有:一是对教材中属于实验设计方面的内容没有真正尝试着去设计;二是没有掌握实验设计的一般方法;三是缺乏动手实验。笔者下面仅从实验设计应遵循的单一变量原则和等量原则两个方面来 Experimental designs often appear in biological textbooks and exercises, and are also popular topics in the college entrance examination. Because such questions can not only examine the basic knowledge of students in experiments, but also to examine their hands-on ability, ability to analyze problems and solve problems, as well as innovative capabilities, which is exactly what the new curriculum requires. In the biological experiment teaching, the existing problems are as follows: First, there is no real attempt to design the content of the experimental design in the textbook; second, there is no general method for mastering the experimental design; and third, the lack of hands-on experimentation. The author here follows from the two aspects of single variable principle and equal principle that should be followed in experimental design.