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20 0 3年安徽省小麦扬花灌浆期间频频降雨 ,4月份降水量淮北中北部地区偏多 8成～ 1.5倍 ,其他地区偏多 1～ 6成 ;月雨日沿淮淮北地区 10～ 16d ,淮河以南地区 17～ 2 1d ,显著偏多 ;全省大部分地区土壤墒情处于过湿状态 ,渍涝面积大。而赤霉病子囊孢子成熟度和释放高峰期又与小麦扬花期正好吻合 ,加上冬春季的低温冻害又降低了一些品种的抵抗力 ,导致小麦赤霉病发病时间早 ,持续时间长 ,发病范围广 ,危害程度大 ,造成损失重。小麦赤霉病打破了南北界限 ,沿江、江淮地区病情严重 ,淮北部分地区病穗率高达 5 0 %以上 ,严重度大多达到 3～ 4级 ,为历史所罕见 ,一般减产 3 0 %以上 ,严重的超过 5 0 % ,沿淮、淮南麦区部分田块损失更大。小麦赤霉病对人、畜健康和生命安全危害大 ,应引起高度重视。在防治对策上积极采取以农业防治为基础 ,结合选用抗病品种 ,关键时期进行药剂保护的综合防治策略 ;培育与利用抗病品种是控制小麦赤霉病 ,保证小麦高产、稳产、优质经济有效和安全的根本办法。建议 :尽快建立和完善专用小麦等农产品品质及安全检测体系 ,同国际接轨 ,制定赤霉病DON毒素的检测标准 ;进一步加强小麦赤霉病等病虫害的流行预测预报和防治工作 ,在品种布局上考虑高产优质的同时 ,一定要增强品种的抗性
During 2003-2003, wheat was frequent rainfall during flowering in Anhui Province. Precipitation in April was about 80% ~ 1.5 times higher in central and northern part of Huaibei than that in other areas, while it was 1 ~ 6% more in other areas. Rainy day was 10 ~ 16 days in Huaihe River, The area south of 17 ~ 21d, significantly more than the majority of the province soil moisture is too wet, waterlogging area. The frosted ascospores maturity and release peak coincided with the flowering of wheat coincide, coupled with low temperature and cold winter and spring and reduce the resistance of some varieties, leading to the onset of wheat scab, early duration, duration, onset A wide range of hazards, causing heavy losses. Wheat scab has broken the north-south boundary. The disease is serious along the Yangtze River and the Yangtze-Huaihe River. The disease panicle rate in some areas of Huaibei reaches as high as 50% or more, and the seriousness reaches 3 to 4, which is rare in history. The yield is generally above 30% More than 50%, along the Huaihei, Huainan some more loss of field plots. Wheat scab does great harm to the health and safety of human beings, animals and livestock and should be given high priority. The prevention and control measures should be taken actively on the basis of agricultural control, combined with the selection of disease-resistant varieties, the key period for the protection of pharmaceutical integrated control strategies; cultivate and use of resistant varieties is to control wheat scab, to ensure high yield, stable yield, high quality and cost-effective And the fundamental solution to safety. Suggestion: Establish and improve the quality and safety testing system of agricultural products such as special wheat as soon as possible, establish the testing standards for DON toxin of scab, and establish a standard for detecting DON poison of scab. Further strengthen the forecast and control of the epidemic of wheat and scab and other pests and diseases. While considering the high yield and quality, we must enhance the variety resistance