语言的任意性是语言学研究中较有影响的观点之一。但是随着认知语言学,特别是概念隐喻研究的发展,越来越多的研究表明语言不仅是任意的,而且更重要的是有理据的。本文首先对索绪尔的语言任意性观点和认知隐喻观进行对比分析,然后用概念隐喻的观点从拟声词和叹声词、词与词之间的关系、习语以及某些语法现象等四个方面举例说明语言的理据性。作者指出,语言的任意性和理据性并不是绝对的,而是相对的,两者都受到一定条件的制约。 The arbitrariness of language is one of the more influential points in linguistic research. However, with the development of cognitive linguistics, especially conceptual metaphors, more and more studies show that language is not only arbitrary, but more importantly, justified. This article first analyzes Saussure's linguistic arbitrariness and cognitive metaphor viewpoints, and then uses the concept of conceptual metaphors from onomatopoeia and sighs, the relationship between words and words, idioms and some grammatical phenomena For example, four aspects of the rationale of the language. The author points out that the arbitrariness and motivation of language are not absolute but relative, and both are conditioned by certain conditions.