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此项调查系《湖南省稻田耕作制研究》内容之一,于1981—1983年对全省六个综合农业区的26个县、238个生产队进行了农田耕作制度全面调查。湖南省是以水稻生产为主的省,建国以来,全省稻田耕作制度的调整以单季稻改双季稻的发展过程,可分为试种推广、迅速扩展与巩固提高三个时期。稻田种植结构可划为四个层次,最低一级为复种制。目前以肥—稻—稻制种植面积最大,近年仍在2000万亩以上,约占水田面积的二分之一。双季稻的垂直分布大体以海拔350—400米为界;一季稻分布最高限为海拔1300米(桂东县)。调查的典型队四年(1978—1981年)稻谷的平均亩产为944斤。复种制全年产量以油—稻—稻制(1158斤/亩)与麦—稻制(917斤/亩)最高。水稻田光能利用率为1.43％,稻田能量的产投比值为1.34。全省每亩稻田平均年投氮1斤约产稻谷23斤。高产的稻田80％位于地势平坦区,旱涝保收率达到了89.4％。全省1982年前双季稻亩产在800斤以下的面积占调查稻田总面积的17.1％。早稻亩产低于400斤,连作晚稻亩产低于300斤的占调查面积的27％。今后稻田种植制度的调整将以多种、高产、调整种植结构以及建立合理耕作制度与高效农田生态系统为目标。当前要以扩大冬种、压缩部分早稻,推广两旱—水制(冬、夏两季种旱作,秋季种水稻)以及积极提高?
This survey was one of the contents of “Research on Farming System in Paddy Fields in Hunan Province” and conducted a comprehensive survey of farmland farming system in 26 counties and 238 production teams in six integrated agricultural areas in 1981-1983. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the adjustment of rice farming system in the whole province has been based on the development of double-cropping rice by single cropping rice. It can be divided into three phases: popularization of testing, rapid expansion and consolidation. Rice planting structure can be divided into four levels, the lowest level for the multi-seed system. Currently fat - rice - rice planting area is the largest in recent years is still more than 20 million mu, accounting for about one-half of the paddy field. The vertical distribution of double cropping rice is generally bounded by the elevation of 350-400 meters; the highest one-season rice distribution is 1300 meters above sea level (Guidong County). The typical average team surveyed in the four years (1978-1981) produced 944 kg of mu per mu. The annual output of double-cropping is the highest with oil-rice-rice system (1158 kg / mu) and wheat-rice system (917 kg / acre). The utilization rate of light energy in paddy field was 1.43%, and the ratio of output to output of paddy field energy was 1.34. The province’s average per acre of rice paddy input about 1 kg of rice about 23 pounds of rice. 80% of the high-yielding rice fields are located in the flat terrain, and the flood and drought protection rate reached 89.4%. The area of double-cropped rice before 1982 in the province below 800 kg per mu accounted for 17.1% of the total paddy field surveyed. Early rice yield less than 400 pounds, even for late rice yield less than 300 pounds accounted for 27% of the survey area. In the future, the adjustment of the planting system of paddy fields will aim at a variety of, high-yielding, adjustment of the planting structure and the establishment of rational farming system and efficient farmland ecosystem. At present, we should expand winter seeds, reduce part of the early rice, promote the two drought-water systems (dry farming in winter and summer and autumn planting of paddy rice), and positive improvement.