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通过3年定位试验,研究两种栽培方式下不同氮素输入处理秋收后的土壤无机氮积累,分析东北春玉米高产田的土壤无机氮运移规律。研究结果表明,高产栽培方式可显著提高产量,平均较习惯栽培方式增产33.7%。硝态氮是农田土壤无机氮的主要组分,平均占到87.1%,土壤无机氮含量随施氮量的增加而增加,通过优化栽培措施可以有效降低土壤硝态氮的下移趋势;当降雨量较大时,70~100 cm土壤中硝态氮会随施氮量的增加而大量累积。综合考虑产量与环境效益,应适当减少基肥用量,从而降低土壤中硝态氮淋失风险。
Through 3-year experiment, the accumulation of soil inorganic nitrogen under different nitrogen treatments under two cultivation methods was studied, and the law of inorganic N transport in spring maize high-yield field in Northeast China was analyzed. The results showed that the high yield cultivation method could significantly increase the yield, on the average, 33.7% more yield than the habitual cultivation method. Nitrate nitrogen is the main component of soil inorganic nitrogen in farmland, accounting for an average of 87.1%. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil increases with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Through the optimized cultivation measures, the downward trend of soil nitrate nitrogen can be effectively reduced. When the amount is large, the nitrate nitrogen in 70 ~ 100 cm soil will accumulate with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Comprehensive consideration of yield and environmental benefits should be appropriate to reduce the amount of basal fertilizer, thereby reducing the risk of nitrate leaching in soil.