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农村污水是造成水环境污染的主要原因之一,它不仅是农村水源地的安全隐患,还会危害农民自身的生存发展,因此对农村污水特征分析及风险评价具有重大意义。通过对云南省文山州八道哨村(畜禽养殖型)的农村污水进行采样和处理,分析了总磷、正磷、总氮、氨氮、COD、p H等污染指标,明确了畜禽养殖型农村污水的污染特征状况。结果表明:每个样点排放污水的氮和COD浓度均超过了GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》,磷的浓度整体超过污染标准,仅有个别样点位于正常范围内;主干道污水的氮、磷和COD浓度均明显超过GB 18918—2002二级标准。通过运用内梅罗指数法对各污染指标进行统一处理,评价不同区域污水的污染程度。3个分区的内梅罗指数大小依次为东部(4.55)>中部(3.34)>西部(3.14),污染等级均为重污染。
Rural sewage is one of the main causes of water pollution. It is not only a potential safety hazard in rural water sources, but also a danger to peasants’ own survival and development. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the characteristics and risk assessment of rural sewage. Through the sampling and treatment of rural sewage in Ba Dao Sen Village (livestock and poultry breeding) in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province, the pollution indexes of total phosphorus, orthophosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, COD and p H were analyzed. Rural sewage pollution characteristics of the situation. The results showed that the concentration of nitrogen and COD in sewage discharged by each sample exceeded the emission standard of pollutants in urban sewage treatment plant of GB 18918-2002, the concentration of phosphorus in total exceeded the pollution standard, and only a few samples were in the normal range ; Main road sewage nitrogen, phosphorus and COD concentrations were significantly more than GB 18918-2002 two standards. Through the use of Nemerow index method of pollution indicators unified treatment, evaluation of different regions of the degree of sewage pollution. The Nemerow indices of the three subareas are in the order of eastern (4.55)> middle (3.34)> western (3.14), and the pollution levels are heavy pollution.