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全球气候变暖并不是白天和夜间的平均变暖,而是呈现一定的不对称性。大豆(Glycine max)是世界范围内种植较广泛的豆科作物,也是中国重要的粮食作物。研究大豆的生长与水分利用对不对称性气候变暖的响应,可为预测未来气候变暖情景下大豆的适应提供科学的参考依据。该实验在人工气候箱中采用盆栽方式进行,设立对照(CON,昼26℃夜16℃)、对称性升温(ETs,昼夜均升高3℃)和不对称性升温(ETa,昼升高2℃,夜升高4℃)三个温度情景,研究了大豆产量和水分利用对昼夜不对称性与对称性升温的差异性响应。结果表明:在昼/夜26℃/16℃的背景下,1)ETs对大豆产量影响不显著,主要是因为生物量的增加缓解了收获指数下降对大豆的不利影响;ETa使大豆产量减少38.9%,是由于大豆的收获指数和产量构成要素(荚数、粒数、百粒重)均显著降低。2)ETs对大豆全生育期蒸散量(ET)的影响不显著,ETa使大豆整个生育期ET减少14.8%。3)两种升温模式对大豆耗水量中蒸发量的影响都不显著,耗水量的差异主要来自蒸腾量的差异,其中ETs和ETa分别使大豆全生育期蒸腾量降低10.7%和26.1%。综上所述,只针对ETs进行研究,而没有对ETa进行研究的实验会低估真正的气候变暖情景(ETa)对大豆生长和产量的不利影响,高估其对大豆耗水量的影响。
Global warming is not an average of day and night warming, but a certain degree of asymmetry. Glycine max is the most widely grown legume crop in the world and is also an important food crop in China. Studying the response of soybean growth and water use to asymmetric warming can provide a scientific reference for the prediction of soybean adaptation in the future climate warming scenario. The experiment was conducted in pots in artificial climate chamber. The control (CON, daytime at 26 ℃ and nighttime at 16 ℃), symmetrical warming (ETs, day and night both increased by 3 ℃) and asymmetry warming (ETa, daytime increased by 2 ℃, night rise 4 ℃) three temperature scenarios, the effects of soybean yield and water use on the day and night asymmetry and symmetry warming response differences. The results showed that under the background of 26 ℃ / 16 ℃ day / night, 1) ETs had no significant effect on soybean yield, mainly because the increase of biomass alleviated the adverse effect of the decrease of harvest index on soybean; ETa reduced soybean yield by 38.9 %, Due to a significant reduction in the harvest index and yield components of soybean (pods, kernels, and 100 kernel weight). 2) The effect of ETs on the total evaportranspiration (ET) of soybean was insignificant, ETa reduced the ET of soybean by 14.8% during the whole growing period. 3) The effects of the two warming modes on the evaporation of soybean were insignificant. The differences of water consumption mainly came from the differences of the transpiration. ETs and ETa decreased the transpiration of whole soybean by 10.7% and 26.1% respectively. In conclusion, only studies on ETs are conducted, whereas experiments without ETa underestimate the adverse effects of a real climate warming scenario (ETa) on soybean growth and yield and overestimate their impact on soybean water consumption.