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阵发性交感神经过度兴奋综合征(PSH)是缺血性脑损伤后一种相对罕见的并发症,其临床症状主要表现为发热、出汗、心动过速、血压升高、肌张力障碍.PSH在重症患者中发病率较高,其发病机制复杂,涉及自主神经系统及运动神经系统.患者出现PSH有较差的预后,可能增加住院费用,延长住院时间.因此,对这种综合征的早期识别以及适当的治疗具有重要的临床意义.本文就PSH的发病机制、诊断及治疗进行阐述,以期为该综合征诊断和治疗提供新思路.“,”Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome (PSH) is a rare complication of ischemic brain injury,characterized by hyperthermia,diaphoresis,tachycardia,hypertension,tachypnea,dystonic posturing.The incidence of PSH is higher in critical ill patients,involving autonomic nervous system and motor nervous system.Patients who develop paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity have worse neurologic outcomes,increased healthcare costs and longer hospital stays.Therefore,early detection and treatment is of great clinical significance.In this paper,we reviewed the mechanism,diagnosis and treatment of PSH in order to provide new ideas in diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome.