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【摘要】连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。
【关键词】高考;英语学习;连词
An analysis of common errors in conjuctions
Yu li’na
【Abstract】A conjunction is a word that “joins”. A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence. Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses;Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause.
【Key words】Senior high；English learing; Conjunctions
连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。使用连词时常见的错误有以下几种：
1 不能准确理解和把握英语中连词的作用
英语与汉语在句子结构方面最基本的差异是：汉语并不追求形式上的完整，往往只求达意；而英语句法重视句子结构形式的完整和逻辑上的合理。具体来讲，中文的句子里，不讲究什么主句、分句。因此，只要你觉得你一句话没说完，就可以一直逗号逗下去，从头逗到尾都没关系。可是，在英语中，两个简单句之间不能用逗号分开，要用连词连接起来，或者使它们单独成句子。例如：
误： We came to the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up, stopped us.
正： When we came to the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up and stopped us.
正： We came to the crossroads. A young man and a girl came up and stopped us.
析：显然误句是按照汉语思维进行组句的。纠正时既可使用连词连接两句，也可使前后两部分单独成句。另外，同一个句子中，两个并列的动词之间也必须用连词。
2 从属连词与并列连词同时使用
并列连词是用来引导并列句，从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。在使用连词时，注意不要将though / although与but， because / since / as和so同时用在一个句子中。例如：
误：Though he caught a cold, but he still went to school.
正：Though he caught a cold, he still went to school.
正：He caught a cold, but he still went to school.
误：Because I am a football fan, so I never miss a match.
正：Because I am a football fan, I never miss a match.
正：I am a football fan, so I never miss a match.
3 混淆介词和连词
由于受汉语干扰，容易错把一些介词当作连词。主要有以下几种情形：
（1）表示“随着”时，引导从句要用as，不能用with，因为with是介词。如若使用with，应当用介词短语的复合结构来表示。例如：
误： With time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.
正： As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.
正： With time going on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.
（2）表示“尽管”时，引导从句要用though / although，不能用in spite of/despite，因为in spite of/despite后面不能跟从句。例如：
误： In spite of the working conditions were poor, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
正： Though the working conditions were poor, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
正： In spite of the poor working conditions, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
4 混淆连词在不同语境中的不同用法
此类错误是连词使用中的重点和难点，应特别予以注意。
(1)误： I was about to go for a walk while it began to rain.
正： I was about to go for a walk when it began to rain.
析： 这里的when用作并列连词，表示“在那时”，相当于and at that time或and then，此时不能使用while。
(2)误： It must have rained last night, because the ground is wet this morning.
正：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
析：此处的for用作并列连词，它引导的句子是对主句的内容加以解释或推断的，不能用because代替。
(3)误：You will be late for the class unless you don’t hurry.
正：You will be late for the class if you don’t hurry.
正：You will be late for the class unless you hurry.
析： unless引导条件状语从句时，相当于if ... not ... ，故其引导的从句中不再使用否定式。
(4)误： I wonder that they have finished the task.
正： I wonder whether they have finished the task.
析： wonder表示意义不确定，故不与that搭配，应将其改为whether或if。
(5)误： If he will be invited to the party hasn’t been decided.
正： Whether he will be invited to the party hasn’t been decided.
析：本句中是主语从句作主语，if和whether意思相同，但是在引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，通常用whether而不用if。
(6)误: Whatever difficult the work may be, I’ll carry it out.
正： However difficult the work may be, I’ll carry it out.
析： whatever是连接代词，它引导让步状语从句时，在从句中本身可以作主语、表语或宾语，不可用来修饰形容词或副词。故应将whatever改为however。
5 不能正确使用关联连词
关联连词是意义相关的一组连词，使用时应注意匹配一致。
(1)误： Failure to advertise could result in either reduced sales and less profit.
正： Failure to advertise could result in either reduced sales or less profit.
析：这里either和or是意义相关的一组连词，故应将and改为or。
(2)误： No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.
正： No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.
析： no sooner必须和than搭配成关联连词，把than省略是不对的，应该补上。
(3)误： His plan was such a good one as we all agreed to accept it.
正： His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.
析：后一分句不缺少成分，故不能使用such ... as。此处应将as改为that，构成such ... that引导的结果状语从句。
(4)误： He was not only impressed by the Chinese doctors’ skill, but by their devotion to the patient.
正： He was impressed not only by the Chinese doctors’ skill, but by their devotion to the patient.
析： not only ... but (also)用来连接两个并列成分，故应将题干中的not only置于impressed之后。
6 对部分特殊连词缺乏了解
英语中有一部分名词短语及副词可用作连词，这种由于词性发生转化而被使用的连词对同学们会有极大的迷惑性，学习时应特别注意掌握。如由名词短语转化的连词：the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, the first / last time, each / every time等；由副词转化来的连词有：immediately, directly, instantly等。
(1)误： I liked her for the first time I met her.
正： I liked her the first time I met her.
析： 此处the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，此时其前无须再加介词for。
(2)误： Every time when I went to her house, she was out.
正： Every time I went to her house, she was out.
析： every time可以用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，故应去掉when。
【关键词】高考;英语学习;连词
An analysis of common errors in conjuctions
Yu li’na
【Abstract】A conjunction is a word that “joins”. A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence. Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses;Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause.
【Key words】Senior high；English learing; Conjunctions
连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。使用连词时常见的错误有以下几种：
1 不能准确理解和把握英语中连词的作用
英语与汉语在句子结构方面最基本的差异是：汉语并不追求形式上的完整，往往只求达意；而英语句法重视句子结构形式的完整和逻辑上的合理。具体来讲，中文的句子里，不讲究什么主句、分句。因此，只要你觉得你一句话没说完，就可以一直逗号逗下去，从头逗到尾都没关系。可是，在英语中，两个简单句之间不能用逗号分开，要用连词连接起来，或者使它们单独成句子。例如：
误： We came to the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up, stopped us.
正： When we came to the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up and stopped us.
正： We came to the crossroads. A young man and a girl came up and stopped us.
析：显然误句是按照汉语思维进行组句的。纠正时既可使用连词连接两句，也可使前后两部分单独成句。另外，同一个句子中，两个并列的动词之间也必须用连词。
2 从属连词与并列连词同时使用
并列连词是用来引导并列句，从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。在使用连词时，注意不要将though / although与but， because / since / as和so同时用在一个句子中。例如：
误：Though he caught a cold, but he still went to school.
正：Though he caught a cold, he still went to school.
正：He caught a cold, but he still went to school.
误：Because I am a football fan, so I never miss a match.
正：Because I am a football fan, I never miss a match.
正：I am a football fan, so I never miss a match.
3 混淆介词和连词
由于受汉语干扰，容易错把一些介词当作连词。主要有以下几种情形：
（1）表示“随着”时，引导从句要用as，不能用with，因为with是介词。如若使用with，应当用介词短语的复合结构来表示。例如：
误： With time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.
正： As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.
正： With time going on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.
（2）表示“尽管”时，引导从句要用though / although，不能用in spite of/despite，因为in spite of/despite后面不能跟从句。例如：
误： In spite of the working conditions were poor, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
正： Though the working conditions were poor, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
正： In spite of the poor working conditions, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
4 混淆连词在不同语境中的不同用法
此类错误是连词使用中的重点和难点，应特别予以注意。
(1)误： I was about to go for a walk while it began to rain.
正： I was about to go for a walk when it began to rain.
析： 这里的when用作并列连词，表示“在那时”，相当于and at that time或and then，此时不能使用while。
(2)误： It must have rained last night, because the ground is wet this morning.
正：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
析：此处的for用作并列连词，它引导的句子是对主句的内容加以解释或推断的，不能用because代替。
(3)误：You will be late for the class unless you don’t hurry.
正：You will be late for the class if you don’t hurry.
正：You will be late for the class unless you hurry.
析： unless引导条件状语从句时，相当于if ... not ... ，故其引导的从句中不再使用否定式。
(4)误： I wonder that they have finished the task.
正： I wonder whether they have finished the task.
析： wonder表示意义不确定，故不与that搭配，应将其改为whether或if。
(5)误： If he will be invited to the party hasn’t been decided.
正： Whether he will be invited to the party hasn’t been decided.
析：本句中是主语从句作主语，if和whether意思相同，但是在引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，通常用whether而不用if。
(6)误: Whatever difficult the work may be, I’ll carry it out.
正： However difficult the work may be, I’ll carry it out.
析： whatever是连接代词，它引导让步状语从句时，在从句中本身可以作主语、表语或宾语，不可用来修饰形容词或副词。故应将whatever改为however。
5 不能正确使用关联连词
关联连词是意义相关的一组连词，使用时应注意匹配一致。
(1)误： Failure to advertise could result in either reduced sales and less profit.
正： Failure to advertise could result in either reduced sales or less profit.
析：这里either和or是意义相关的一组连词，故应将and改为or。
(2)误： No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.
正： No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.
析： no sooner必须和than搭配成关联连词，把than省略是不对的，应该补上。
(3)误： His plan was such a good one as we all agreed to accept it.
正： His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.
析：后一分句不缺少成分，故不能使用such ... as。此处应将as改为that，构成such ... that引导的结果状语从句。
(4)误： He was not only impressed by the Chinese doctors’ skill, but by their devotion to the patient.
正： He was impressed not only by the Chinese doctors’ skill, but by their devotion to the patient.
析： not only ... but (also)用来连接两个并列成分，故应将题干中的not only置于impressed之后。
6 对部分特殊连词缺乏了解
英语中有一部分名词短语及副词可用作连词，这种由于词性发生转化而被使用的连词对同学们会有极大的迷惑性，学习时应特别注意掌握。如由名词短语转化的连词：the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, the first / last time, each / every time等；由副词转化来的连词有：immediately, directly, instantly等。
(1)误： I liked her for the first time I met her.
正： I liked her the first time I met her.
析： 此处the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，此时其前无须再加介词for。
(2)误： Every time when I went to her house, she was out.
正： Every time I went to her house, she was out.
析： every time可以用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，故应去掉when。