从2007年高考试题看冠词考点

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  冠词是历年高考的必考知识点,它主要出现在单项选择和短文改错题中。虽说只有两类,共三个(不定冠词a, an和定冠词the),但其使用规则很复杂,因此一直是考生感到很头痛的一类题目。本文就2007年高考试题中的冠词考点进行简要分析,以期帮助大家对冠词考点的理解和掌握。需要说明的是:在近年高考试题中,冠词考题很少考查某一单独考点,一般都是一题两空,涉及两个考点。冠词考点主要集中在以下方面:
  
  一、 考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法
  1. How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call. (四川卷, 22)
  A. the; a B. a; the C. the; theD. a; a
  【解析】 答案为D。take a short break“休息一会儿”, make a call“打一个电话”。
  2. Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together. (辽宁卷, 21)
  A. the; the B. a; a
  C. the; a D. a; the
  【解析】 答案为D。a special holiday指“某一个特别的节日”;the whole family为特指。
  
  二、 考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法
  1. I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week. (2007北京卷, 22)
  A. the; a B. the;the
  C. 不填;the D. the; 不填
  【解析】 答案为B。此题中的the bed和the books都为特指。the bed 指“所看的床”;the books指“所丢的书”。
  2. I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse. (2007浙江卷, 4)
  A. a; theB. a; aC. the; a D. the; the
  【解析】 答案为C。 the color指“你衬衫的颜色”;a good match泛指“和你的外套相配的一种好颜色”。
  3. I wanted to catch_____early train, but couldn’t get_____ride to the station. (2007天津卷, 3)
  A. an; theB. /; theC. an; /D. the; a
  【解析】 答案为D。the early train特指“早班火车”;a ride to the station泛指“一辆到火车站的车”。
  
  三、 考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配
  1. George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. (2007重庆卷,24)
  A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a
  【解析】 答案为C。a Sunday泛指某一个星期天;at church为固定搭配,不用冠词,意为“在做礼拜”。
  2. Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise. (2007江西卷, 26)
  A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a
  【解析】 答案为A。a balanced diet泛指“一种平衡的饮食”;make room为固定搭配,意为“腾出空间”。
  3. —Could you tell me the way to_____Johnsons, please?
  —Sorry, we don’t have_____Johnson here in the village. (2007全国卷Ⅱ, 6)
  A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; /
  【解析】 答案为B。第一空考查定冠词在姓氏复数前的用法。定冠词用于姓氏复数前,表示全家人,或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。a Johnson泛指“一位名叫Johnson的人”。
  
  四、 考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法
  1. —How about_____Christmas evening party?
  —I should say it was_____success. (2007福建卷, 22)
  A. a; a B. the; a
  C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
  【解析】 答案为B。the Christmas evening party为特指刚结束的圣诞晚会;a success考查抽象名词具体化时的不定冠词用法。success原为抽象名词,不可数, 但在此处已经完全具体化而变为可数名词。题中a success意为“一次成功的晚会”。当抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人和事时,这个抽象名词已经变为可数名词,再如What a pleasant surprise you gave us! 意为“你真的给我们带来了惊喜”。
  2. We have every reason to believe that 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be success. (2007江苏卷,21)
  A. 不填;a B. the; 不填
  C. the; a D. a; a
  【解析】 答案为C。the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games特指2008奥运会;a success意为“一届成功的奥运会”。
  考题回放:
  1. Polar bears live mostly on_____sea ice,which they use as_____platform for hunting seals.(2007湖南卷,23)
  A. a; a B. a; the
  C. 不填; a D. the; 不填
  2. _____walk is expected to last all day, so bring_____packed lunch. (2007山东卷,21)
  A. A; a B. The; 不填
  C. The; a D. A; 不填
  3. According to_____World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent_____spread of AIDS. (2006陕西卷,15)
  A. the; 不填 B. the; the
  C. a; a D. 不填; the
  4. I know you don’t like_____music very much. But what do you think of_____music in the film we saw yesterday?(2006全国3,19)
  A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the
  5. —Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
  —Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t_____Mr. Smith here. (2006全国Ⅰ, 30)
  A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
  6. For him_____stage is just_____means of making a living. (2006山东卷, 21)
  A. a; aB. the; aC. the; the D. a; the
  7. Of all_____reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was_____most important one.(2006辽宁卷, 21)
  A. the; a B. 不填;a
  C. 不填; the D. the; the
  Keys: 1. C2. C3. B4. D5. B6. B7. D
  复习建议:
  在复习中要把握冠词的三种基本用法——泛指、特指和习惯用法。应分门别类地归纳常见的使用定冠词和不定冠词的情形,使用零冠词的几种情形以及一些固定搭配中冠词的使用情况。一些特殊的例子要单独记忆。如in hospital,by bus, have a good time, the old(表示一类人)等。 ★
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