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外语教学目的最终应是培养语言应用能力,交际能力离不开对所学语言国家文化的了解,学习一种语言必然要学习这种语言所代表的文化。高中新大纲对语言知识教学与交际能力培养、语言教学与文化的关系的阐述体现了这一基本思想。非谓语动词在特殊句型中的运用,不失为中职学习英语中的一大难点。
现让我们真正地来认识一下这些较为特殊的非谓语动词。
一
1、used to+不带to的不定式:“过去时常作某事”。
2、be used to+动名词:“习惯于作某事”,可用于各种时态。
例如(1)He used to play cards a lot.
(2)You can say what you like,I’m used to being criticized.
(3)When I was young,I was used to walking long distance.
二
1、why not+不带to的不定式:表示“提出建议或劝告”。
2、why+不带to的不定式“做某事是不必要或无意义的”。
例如:(1)A:I usually go there by train.B:Why not try going by boat for a change?
(2)A:Why argue with him?B:He’ll never change his mind.
三
1、I would rather…than…:前后都跟不带to的不定式。
2、prefer to do something rather than +不带to的不定式。
3、prefer+动名词to+动名词。
1、2意思相同,都是“宁可(宁可)……而不……”,3意为“喜欢……而不喜欢……。
例如:(1)The girl would rather try again than give up her hope.
(2) The heroine preferred to die rather than surrender.
(3)My little son often prefers watching TV to seeing a film.
四
1、can not help but+不带to的不定式:意为“不得不,只得”。
2、can not help+动名词:意为“禁不住”。
例如:(1)The little girl couldn’t help but tell the truth.
(2)People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish emperor in the procession.
五
1、What about+动名词?征求对方意见或询问消息时用;动名词之前可以有其逻辑主语“……”怎么样?
2、How about+动名词?同上。
例如:(1)How about the two of us talking a walk down the garden?
(2)What about having a game of table tennis?
六
1、be worth(busy)+动名词:……值得做(……忙于做某事)。
2、be worthy+不定式的被动式/be worthy+of动名词的被动式意为“……值得做”。
例如:(1)A:What do you think of the book?B:Oh!execellent.It’s worth reading a second time.
(2)The students are busy preparing for the examination.
(3)The old professor is worthy to be respected.
(4)This problem is worthy of being discussed.
七
need(require、want)+动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。
例如:(1)The sentence needs improving.
(2)These orphans require looking after(to be looked after).
(3)These young trees want watering(to be watered).
八
1、It is no use(good,run)+动名词:做某事没用处(好处,有趣)。
2、There is no+动名词:“不可能……”。
例如:(1)It is no use crying over spilt.
(2)It is no good doing that.It is great run sailing a bout.
(3)There is no knowing when we shall meet again.
(4)There is no going out in snow-storm.
九
make oneself+过去分词:这种过去分词常用词有:understood,heard.
例如:(1)Because of my poor English,I’m afraid I can’t make myself understood.
(2)The teacher raised his voice in order to makehimselfheard.
十
do nothing but(except)+不带to的不定式:
中文意思是“无事可做,只好…;除了干…什么也没做。”
例如:(1)I could n’t do anything but sit there and hope.
(2)Lucy did nothing except clean the dishes.
注意:若but(except)之前的谓语动不是do,那么but(except)之后的不定式要带to.
例如:(1)Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
(2)We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.
(3)They desired nothing but to succeed.
总之,正因为非谓语动词比较复杂,灵活多变,同学们对此深感难以掌握,常考常错,叫苦不迭,但良好的语言成绩的取得来自于对特殊句型的良好掌握,这要我们在学好非谓语动词方面更加注重实效。
现让我们真正地来认识一下这些较为特殊的非谓语动词。
一
1、used to+不带to的不定式:“过去时常作某事”。
2、be used to+动名词:“习惯于作某事”,可用于各种时态。
例如(1)He used to play cards a lot.
(2)You can say what you like,I’m used to being criticized.
(3)When I was young,I was used to walking long distance.
二
1、why not+不带to的不定式:表示“提出建议或劝告”。
2、why+不带to的不定式“做某事是不必要或无意义的”。
例如:(1)A:I usually go there by train.B:Why not try going by boat for a change?
(2)A:Why argue with him?B:He’ll never change his mind.
三
1、I would rather…than…:前后都跟不带to的不定式。
2、prefer to do something rather than +不带to的不定式。
3、prefer+动名词to+动名词。
1、2意思相同,都是“宁可(宁可)……而不……”,3意为“喜欢……而不喜欢……。
例如:(1)The girl would rather try again than give up her hope.
(2) The heroine preferred to die rather than surrender.
(3)My little son often prefers watching TV to seeing a film.
四
1、can not help but+不带to的不定式:意为“不得不,只得”。
2、can not help+动名词:意为“禁不住”。
例如:(1)The little girl couldn’t help but tell the truth.
(2)People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish emperor in the procession.
五
1、What about+动名词?征求对方意见或询问消息时用;动名词之前可以有其逻辑主语“……”怎么样?
2、How about+动名词?同上。
例如:(1)How about the two of us talking a walk down the garden?
(2)What about having a game of table tennis?
六
1、be worth(busy)+动名词:……值得做(……忙于做某事)。
2、be worthy+不定式的被动式/be worthy+of动名词的被动式意为“……值得做”。
例如:(1)A:What do you think of the book?B:Oh!execellent.It’s worth reading a second time.
(2)The students are busy preparing for the examination.
(3)The old professor is worthy to be respected.
(4)This problem is worthy of being discussed.
七
need(require、want)+动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。
例如:(1)The sentence needs improving.
(2)These orphans require looking after(to be looked after).
(3)These young trees want watering(to be watered).
八
1、It is no use(good,run)+动名词:做某事没用处(好处,有趣)。
2、There is no+动名词:“不可能……”。
例如:(1)It is no use crying over spilt.
(2)It is no good doing that.It is great run sailing a bout.
(3)There is no knowing when we shall meet again.
(4)There is no going out in snow-storm.
九
make oneself+过去分词:这种过去分词常用词有:understood,heard.
例如:(1)Because of my poor English,I’m afraid I can’t make myself understood.
(2)The teacher raised his voice in order to makehimselfheard.
十
do nothing but(except)+不带to的不定式:
中文意思是“无事可做,只好…;除了干…什么也没做。”
例如:(1)I could n’t do anything but sit there and hope.
(2)Lucy did nothing except clean the dishes.
注意:若but(except)之前的谓语动不是do,那么but(except)之后的不定式要带to.
例如:(1)Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
(2)We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.
(3)They desired nothing but to succeed.
总之,正因为非谓语动词比较复杂,灵活多变,同学们对此深感难以掌握,常考常错,叫苦不迭,但良好的语言成绩的取得来自于对特殊句型的良好掌握,这要我们在学好非谓语动词方面更加注重实效。