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一社会发展史上的过渡时期社会发展是一种规律性的客观发展过程。在历史上,随着社会生产力的发展和阶级斗争的发展,一种社会制度被另一种社会制度所代替:由原始社会转变为奴隶社会,由奴隶社会转变为封建社会,以後又转变为资本主义社会,最後经过无产阶级专政(或人民民主制度)而转到社会主义社会和共产主义社会。这就是社会发展的总法则。期间,每一种社会制度本身又各有其特殊的内在发展规律。所谓超历史的、永恒不变的社会制度是没有的。在阶级社会中,纯粹统一的社会制度是没有的。与统治的生产方式并行,同时存在着旧的生产方式的残余和新的生产方式的胚胎。例如,封建社会内部一方面有奴隶制的残余作为它从属的经济结构而存在着,另一方面,在封建社会的末期,从它内部又产生了资本主义的萌芽。资本主义使以前的生产方式都服从自己,同时又保留了它们的残余。这是因为这些制度都是建立在生产手段的私有制和人对人的剥削上面。不同的仅仅是“用新的阶级,新的压迫条件,新的斗争形式代替了旧的”,在新旧两个社会制度上,私有制的形式不同了,剥削的实质却没有改变。
A social development in the transitional period of social development is a regular and objective process of development. Historically, with the development of social productive forces and the development of class struggle, a social system has been replaced by another social system: from primitive society to slave society, from slave society to feudal society and later into capital In the final analysis, it has been transformed into a socialist society and a communist society through the dictatorship of the proletariat (or people’s democratic system). This is the general rule of social development. During each period, each social system has its own unique law of internal development. The so-called ultra-historical, eternal social system is not. In a class society, there is no purely unified social system. In parallel with the mode of production of domination, there are embryos of remnants of the old mode of production and new modes of production. For example, the remnants of slavery in feudal society existed as subordinate economic structures on the one hand, and the seeds of capitalism in the latter part of feudal society. Capitalism obeys itself to previous methods of production while retaining their remnants. This is because these systems are based on private ownership of means of production and exploitation of people by people. The difference is only “replacing the old with new classes, new oppressive conditions and new forms of struggle.” In the two old and new social systems, the forms of private ownership are different and the substance of exploitation remains unchanged.