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透明质酸是由葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰葡萄糖胺组成的双糖单位聚合而成的直链酸性粘多糖,在医药、化妆品、食品等领域拥有庞大的市场。传统研究通过优化发酵参数改善透明质酸的生产虽然取得了显著成效,但也趋于上限,加之天然生产菌株固有的发酵培养基成本高、具有一定致病性等等的劣势也日益显著。随着分子生物学技术的迅速发展以及对透明质酸合成相关基因研究的不断深入,研究重点逐渐转向利用基因工程技术构建高产、安全、具有特定分子量的透明质酸工程菌株。以下就有关透明质酸生产菌株基因工程改造的策略及研究进展进行概述和展望。
Hyaluronic acid is a linear acid mucopolysaccharide polymerized from disaccharide units composed of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, and has a huge market in the fields of medicine, cosmetics and foodstuffs. Traditional research to improve the fermentation parameters to improve the production of hyaluronic acid although achieved remarkable results, but also tends to the upper limit, combined with natural fermentation strains inherent in the fermentation of high cost, with a certain degree of pathogenicity and the disadvantages are increasingly significant. With the rapid development of molecular biology technology and the further research on the genes involved in the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, the research focuses on the use of genetic engineering technology to construct high-yield, safe, and molecular-specific strains of hyaluronic acid. In the following, the strategies and research progress of genetic engineering of hyaluronic acid producing strains are summarized and prospected.