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行政立法效益评估是美国自上世纪70年代以后逐渐发展起来的通过运用成本——收益分析或成本——效果分析方法对行政立法进行评估以改善行政立法质量的一种制度。目前行政立法效益评估已经成为美国重要行政立法的必经程序之一,有效地促进了管制政策制定的科学性和合理性,对于提升行政效能起到了良好的推动作用。本文从美国行政立法效益评估兴起的背景、主要做法及其对我国行政效能监督的启示三个方面对美国行政立法效益评估进行了阐述,文章认为美国行政立法效益评估中立法谦抑的指导思想,集中统一的审查机制和科学合理的评估方法对于我国行政效能监督建设最具借鉴意义。
The effectiveness evaluation of the administrative legislation is a system that the United States has gradually developed since the 1970s to evaluate the administrative legislation through the use of cost-benefit analysis or cost-effectiveness analysis to improve the quality of administrative legislation. At present, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the administrative legislation has become one of the necessary procedures for the important administrative legislation in the United States. It effectively promotes the scientificness and rationality of the control policy formulation and plays a good role in promoting the administrative efficiency. This article elaborates the benefit evaluation of the administrative legislation in the United States from three aspects: the background of the rise of the effectiveness evaluation of the administrative legislation in the United States and its main practices, as well as its enlightenment on the supervision of the administrative efficiency in our country. The article holds that the guiding ideology of modest legislation in the efficiency evaluation of the administrative legislation in the United States, A centralized and unified review mechanism and a scientific and reasonable assessment method are of most reference significance for the supervision and construction of administrative efficiency in our country.