论文部分内容阅读
Abstract Based on the investigation on the production of oil peony （Paeooia suffruticosa Andr.） in the main producing areas in Hubei Province， the current situations and problems faced by oil peony industry were analyzed. The oil peony industry is in the adjustment period after years of development in Hubei Province， and the following suggestions were proposed for its further development. First， make full use of the ornamental value of peony and carry out the theme ecotourism of peony. Second， make full use of the advantages of local resources and develop resource evaluation and utilization. Third， promote the intensive processing of oil peony and extend the industrial chain of products.
Key words Oil peony （Paeooia suffruticosa Andr.）; Industrial situation; Development proposals; Hubei Province
Peony （Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.） is a deciduous subshrub of the genus Paeooia， the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. It is native to the QinlingDaba Mountains of China， and it is a traditional flower unique to China. It is also one of the earliest gardening flowers with advanced cultivation techniques， which is well known for its unique ornamental value and medicinal value[1-2].
In 2011， Chinese researchers found that peony seed oil contains extremely rich unsaturated fatty acids， and the research and development of oil peony has become a new hot spot in peony research[3]. The oil yield of peony seed is higher than that of soybean. The content of unsaturated fatty acid is over 90%， and the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is also higher than 40%. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are essential substances for cell formation and participate in the metabolic processes of human body， and they cannot be synthesized by the human body and therefore have special nutritional value[4]. In 2011， the Ministry of Public Health of the Peoples Republic of China officially approved peony seed oil as a new resource food， and then peony seed oil officially became one of the edible oils[5]. In 2015， the State Council of China listed oil peony， oiltea camellia and walnut as the 3 main woody oil crops for key promotion in China[6].
As a new oil crop， oil peony has the advantages of high oil quality and long industrial chain compared with other oil crops. From the perspective of nutrition， the content of unsaturated fatty acids in peony seed oil is about 92%， and the content of αlinolenic acid reaches up to 42%. It has high nutritional value and health value， which is far beyond that of other edible oils， even higher than that of Olive oil which is known as the "golden liquid"[7]. In actual cultivation， oil peony begins to bear seeds at the third year and can have high yield after 5 years. Its life span is as long as 60 years. During the high yield period， the seed yield is about 250 kg/667m 2， and the net income can reach 4 000 Yuan/667m 2. Moreover， αlinolenic acid can be used as additives to infant milk powder， edible oil and health food， which can effectively improve human health. In addition， peony flowers can be dried， made into tea， extracted for essential oils， made into cosmetics and daily chemical products， and its root can be used for medicine. Industrial Advantages of Oil Peony in Hubei Province
Rich variety resources
Hubei Province is one of the peony producing areas in China. There are wild peony varieties in Baokang of Xiangyang and Jianshi of Enshi， mainly Baokang Ziban， Shennongjia Ziban， Baokang Luanye， and Jianshi Fengdanbai[2，8-9]. The local also has the historical tradition of cultivating peony， mainly for ornamental and medicinal uses， but there are few oil peony varieties. At present， the main planting variety in Hubei Province is Yangshan， and Ziban is a variety cultivated only in regions with high altitudes.
Wide cultivation area suitable for oil peony growth
The mountainous area of Hubei Province accounts for 56% of the total area， and the hilly area accounts for 24%. In Hubei， there are QinlingDaba Mountains， Wuling Mountains， Tongbai Mountains， Dabie Mountains， and Mufu Mountains. Located in the northsouth transition zone， it has a north subtropical climate， which is suitable for the growth of most peony species[8]. There are peony species distributed from the places with altitudes of tens of meters to the places with altitudes of 1-2 km. The area is suitable for the growth of local peony varieties like Ziban， and the plain varieties and south varieties like Yangshan[9].
Oil peony can be planted in the mountainous area which save cultivated land， and can also be planted in mountains and under the forests. After planting， it can make benefits for years. Developing oil peony industry in relatively remote mountainous areas is one of the important ways to increase the income of mountain farmers and to overcome poverty， which can green and beautify the countryside.
Problems and Risks in Developing Oil Peony in Hubei Province
Rapid expansion of oil peony planting area
In recent years， the oil peony industry in Hubei Province has shown a vigorous development trend， especially in the northwestern and northern Hubei Province like Xiangyang， Baokang， Laohekou， Shiyan， Fangxian， Suizhou， Xiaochang， Dawu， Guangshui and other places， where the cultivated area increases year after year. At present， the cultivated area of oil peony in Hubei Province is 6 666 hm 2 with the total yield reaching 5 000 t. There are oil peony bases with an area of over 666.67 hm 2 in Suixian County， Laohekou and Dawu. After the rapid expansion in 2013-2016， the development of oil peony in Hubei and even China turned into the plateau period and adjustment period in 2017， mainly shown as the decrease in the price of peony， which was decreased from 20-30 Yuan/kg in previous years to the 16 Yuan/kg. The sales of seedlings also fell sharply， and both seeds and seedlings fell in both amount and price. After the rapid development in the initial stage， the peony industry inevitably comes to the plateau and adjustment periods， which is mainly summarized in the following aspects. Unsustainable peony seedlingbased consumption pattern
In the early stage of rapid expansion， many gardens have not yet been put into production， and the yield is quite limited. Most of the peony seeds are used for seedling breeding， resulting in very limited amounts of peony seeds for processing. Thus， many processing plants are running under their production capacity， and the price of peony seeds is also staying at a high level. After 3-4 years of rapid development， with the slowdown of the production and expansion of the early gardens， the price of peony seeds has gradually declined. Many growers tend to be rational， and there are also quite a few people holding a waitandsee attitude， resulting in a great decline in the demand for seedlings.
Differentiation of oil peony growers
Due to the optimistic estimation and the high expectations of the industry in the early stage， many enterprises and largescale planters take the land at high prices， and develop the oil peony industry with high costs of cultivated land， together with the large scale planting， resulting in high land use cost， management cost and labor cost every year. At the same time， due to the relatively long period and the slow outcomes of oil peony industry， many enterprises have tight capital chains and the business risks are not good.
Technical and management problems
Due to the lack of technical guidance， many growers and government departments have purchased weak， diseased and old seedlings to build gardens， resulting in slow growth， low yield and efficiency， which is difficult for forest establishment. At the same time， the cultivation of oil peony in Hubei Province directly copies the cultivation mode in northern China， resulting in tight planting， serious pests and diseases， inconvenient pod harvesting， and increased management costs in later stages. Some farmers have no understanding of the characteristics of oil peony which is sensitive to herbicides， and abuse herbicides， resulting in catastrophic consequences of a great number of dead seedlings and even the destruction of the whole garden[10].
Prominent oil peony processing problems
Due to the rapid expansion of oil peony industry， peony seeds are mainly used for seedling breeding. Most of the processing plants have no raw materials for processing， which also objectively makes the processing enterprises lack motivation in scale expansion and technological transformation in Hubei Province. Compared with that in Shandong and other provinces， the development and industrialization of oil peony in Hubei Province is relatively lagged behind， which has few processing enterprises and single product structure. The extraction technology is still in the exploration stage. The lagged processing technology and low oil yield do great damage to the nutrient content of peony seed oil[8，10]. At the same time， due to the lag in product processing and development， many enterprises adopt OEM products for OEM production， which is lack of influence， making it difficult to form wellknown brands. Poor oil peony technical support
At present， there is a lack a professional oil peony research team and corresponding project and funding support for oil peony industry in Hubei Province. The relevant researchers are scattered in the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hubei Academy of Forestry， Institute of Forestry and Pomology Sciences of Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Xiangyang City Forestry Instituted in Hubei Province. There are few cooperation mechanisms among the institutes， and there is also a lack of discipline integration and overall development planning. The governmentfunded research funding is also relatively small. Most of them rely on selfraised funds to conduct sporadic research， which is difficult to form academic research results.
Countermeasures and Suggestions for the Healthy Development of Oil Peony Industry in Hubei Province
At present， after the rapid expansion period， the oil peony industry in Hubei Province has begun to take shape. However， compared with the development plan of more than 666.67 hm 2 of oil peony proposed by Shandong， Anhui， Henan and other provinces[7]， the overall scale and planting area of oil peony is still small in Hubei Province. Since the scale and quality have not yet reached the national average level in China， it has entered the adjustment period and differentiation period. Without scientific guidance and reasonable planning， the development of oil peony industry in Hubei Province is at risk of stagnation or even retrogression.
Making full use of the ornamental value of peony， and participating in projects of returning farmland to forests， beautiful villages and ecological construction
Oil peony is an important carrier for the development of peony featured ecotourism. As a traditional national flower for Chinese people， peony is rich in color with high ornamental value. It can be planted in small amounts to beautify the courtyards and roads， or planted in large scale to beautify the barren hills and improve the ecological environment. The combination of excellent ecological environment with peony characteristics in the mountainous area can provide visitors with a comprehensive peony theme ecotour integrated with sightseeing， food experience and health， which drives the development of urban and rural tourism and service industry[7].
The oil peony can grow in a wide range of regions. It has tolerances to cold， drought and barren soils. Therefore， it is suitable to plant on relatively thin and arid barren hills， suitable forest land， and returned farmland. It can also be planted under the forests by encouraging forest farmers through active guidance and technical support. The development of oil peony has important comprehensive economic and ecological benefits. Combined with Chinas returning farmland to forest project and beautiful rural construction， the largescale construction of oil peony forests can provide rich edible oil and chemical raw materials for the development of peony characteristic industry， making China become a major country in the development of the new peony woody oil industry. Oil peony can have no rotation for 30-50 years， which is laborsaving， timesaving and costsaving. It does not affect the growth of forest trees， neither compete with grain for land. On the other hand， it can increase farmers income， and can consolidate the results of returning farmland to forests. Miao XU et al. Current Situations and Suggestions for Development of Oil Peony Industry in Hubei Province
Making full use of resource advantages， and developing resource evaluation and utilization
The QinlingBashan mountainous area of Hubei Province is in the transitional zone between north and south climates， where the peony resources are relatively abundant. Therefore， it should make full use of resource advantages， and carry out resource collection， evaluation and utilization. The 2 varieties of Fengdan and Ziban have high yield and oil content and oil quality. However， under the conditions of longterm breeding and artificial cultivation， many variations have occurred， and the differences between individual plants have become more and more obvious. In order to facilitate largescale planting and mechanized harvesting， it is the key direction for future work to choose the compact plant type with short planting cycle， high yield of peony seeds and excellent quality.
In terms of breeding methods， it should vigorously carry out seedling selection and appropriate crossbreeding. Efforts should be made to breed a group of excellent group progeny with strong resistance， high yield， multipod （5-8）， high oil yield， high contents of unsaturated acids and αlinolenic acid， and good consistency. Hybrid breeding is mainly based on the central plain variety group and the south variety group， and combines with hybrid combination of Fengdan and Ziban as parents， to breed new varieties which can fit the different climate characteristics in Hubei Province and have good qualities of Fengdan and Ziban.
At the same time， molecular breeding can be used to carry out molecular breeding to find the molecular markers associated with plant type， seed setting rate， 1 000grain weight， pod number， unsaturated fatty acid content， and αlinolenic acid content of oil peony， so as to improve the early screening efficiency of seedling progenies and hybrid progenies.
Promoting the intensive processing of oil peony， and extending the industrial chain of products
As the oil peony developed in the early stage has been put into production， there will be more and more peony seeds that can be used for processing. On the basis of stabilizing the area and increasing the output， efforts should be made to improve the processing capacity and ensure the smooth sales of the peony seeds， which is an important guarantee for the healthy development of the oil peony industry. Advanced processing technologies like CO2 supercritical low temperature extraction should be promoted and optimized to reduce processing costs. On the basis of the production of highquality peony seed oil， efforts should be made to promote the establishment of intensive processing enterprises related with peony products， further develop the deep processing of peony seed oil， and develop cosmetics， medicines， health products and food additives related to peony tea， peony oil， tree peony bark and peony seed oil， so as to further extend the industrial chain of oil peony and enhance industrial value[11-13].
Peony is the national flower for Chinese people. Therefore， it is of important practical significance for the increase of farmers incomes in mountain areas and construction of beautiful homes to highlight the ecological characteristics of peony culture， extend the oil peony industrial chain， realize the sustainable development of environmental friendliness and comprehensive utilization， and make good issues in the culture， economy and ecology of peony[7].
References
[1] FAN QJ. Study on the genetic relationship between Jiangnan peony cultivars and the techniques for flower bud differentiation and the secondary flowering in the open field[D]. Hangzhou： Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University， 2011.
[2] ZHAI LJ， SHI QQ， LUO XN， et al. Genetic diversity of wild peony varieties in Qinba Mountain area[A]. Chinese Horticultural Society. Progress in Chinese ornamental horticulture， 2017[M]. Beijing： China Forestry Press， 2017.
[3] CHEN HL， YANG YL， ZHANG XY， et al. Research progress on Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. for oil[J]. Hubei Forestry Science and Technology， 2013，42（5）：41-44.
[4] WANG ZY， WANG XH， LIU ZG， et al. Comparison of horticultural traits and oil content in different oil peony varieties[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences ，2016， 44（1）：70-72.
[5] Ministry of Health of the Peoples Republic of China. Announcement No. 9， 2011[J]. China Food Additives， 2011（ 2）： 264.
[6] Central Peoples Government of the Peoples Republic of China. State Affairs： Opinions of the General Office on accelerating the development of woody oil industry[EB/OL]. http：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/201501/13/cooteot_9386.htm， 20150113.
[7] SHI GA， JIAO FX， JIAO YP， et al. Development prospects and strategies of oil tree peony industry in China[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association， 2014， 29（9）： 124-127. [8] CHEN HL， DAI JH， YANG YL， et al. On development advantages of Paeonia suffruticosa of oil industry in Hubei[J]. Hubei Forestry Science and Technology，2013， 42（6）：49-52.
[9] YI YM， ZHANG YT， AI XR， et al. Investigation on cultivar resources and growth analysis of Paeonia suffruticosa in Enshi[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences， 2011 ，50（18）： 3754-3756， 3760.
[10] TONG Z， SUN ZH， QIU WM， et al. Major technical issues and recommendations about development of peony industry in Hubei Province[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences， 2017， 56（24）： 4802-4804.
[11] YI JP， ZHU WX， MA HL， et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. seed oil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery， 2009， 40（12）： 144-150.
[12] DENG RX， LIU Z， QIN LL， et al. Optimization of superficial CO2 extraction and analysis of chemical composition of peony seed oil[J]. Food Science， 2010， 31（10）： 142-145.
[13] SHI GA， GUO XF， JIN BL， et al. Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction and analysis of antioxidation activity of peony seed oil[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association， 2013， 28（4）： 47-50， 107.
Key words Oil peony （Paeooia suffruticosa Andr.）; Industrial situation; Development proposals; Hubei Province
Peony （Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.） is a deciduous subshrub of the genus Paeooia， the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. It is native to the QinlingDaba Mountains of China， and it is a traditional flower unique to China. It is also one of the earliest gardening flowers with advanced cultivation techniques， which is well known for its unique ornamental value and medicinal value[1-2].
In 2011， Chinese researchers found that peony seed oil contains extremely rich unsaturated fatty acids， and the research and development of oil peony has become a new hot spot in peony research[3]. The oil yield of peony seed is higher than that of soybean. The content of unsaturated fatty acid is over 90%， and the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is also higher than 40%. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are essential substances for cell formation and participate in the metabolic processes of human body， and they cannot be synthesized by the human body and therefore have special nutritional value[4]. In 2011， the Ministry of Public Health of the Peoples Republic of China officially approved peony seed oil as a new resource food， and then peony seed oil officially became one of the edible oils[5]. In 2015， the State Council of China listed oil peony， oiltea camellia and walnut as the 3 main woody oil crops for key promotion in China[6].
As a new oil crop， oil peony has the advantages of high oil quality and long industrial chain compared with other oil crops. From the perspective of nutrition， the content of unsaturated fatty acids in peony seed oil is about 92%， and the content of αlinolenic acid reaches up to 42%. It has high nutritional value and health value， which is far beyond that of other edible oils， even higher than that of Olive oil which is known as the "golden liquid"[7]. In actual cultivation， oil peony begins to bear seeds at the third year and can have high yield after 5 years. Its life span is as long as 60 years. During the high yield period， the seed yield is about 250 kg/667m 2， and the net income can reach 4 000 Yuan/667m 2. Moreover， αlinolenic acid can be used as additives to infant milk powder， edible oil and health food， which can effectively improve human health. In addition， peony flowers can be dried， made into tea， extracted for essential oils， made into cosmetics and daily chemical products， and its root can be used for medicine. Industrial Advantages of Oil Peony in Hubei Province
Rich variety resources
Hubei Province is one of the peony producing areas in China. There are wild peony varieties in Baokang of Xiangyang and Jianshi of Enshi， mainly Baokang Ziban， Shennongjia Ziban， Baokang Luanye， and Jianshi Fengdanbai[2，8-9]. The local also has the historical tradition of cultivating peony， mainly for ornamental and medicinal uses， but there are few oil peony varieties. At present， the main planting variety in Hubei Province is Yangshan， and Ziban is a variety cultivated only in regions with high altitudes.
Wide cultivation area suitable for oil peony growth
The mountainous area of Hubei Province accounts for 56% of the total area， and the hilly area accounts for 24%. In Hubei， there are QinlingDaba Mountains， Wuling Mountains， Tongbai Mountains， Dabie Mountains， and Mufu Mountains. Located in the northsouth transition zone， it has a north subtropical climate， which is suitable for the growth of most peony species[8]. There are peony species distributed from the places with altitudes of tens of meters to the places with altitudes of 1-2 km. The area is suitable for the growth of local peony varieties like Ziban， and the plain varieties and south varieties like Yangshan[9].
Oil peony can be planted in the mountainous area which save cultivated land， and can also be planted in mountains and under the forests. After planting， it can make benefits for years. Developing oil peony industry in relatively remote mountainous areas is one of the important ways to increase the income of mountain farmers and to overcome poverty， which can green and beautify the countryside.
Problems and Risks in Developing Oil Peony in Hubei Province
Rapid expansion of oil peony planting area
In recent years， the oil peony industry in Hubei Province has shown a vigorous development trend， especially in the northwestern and northern Hubei Province like Xiangyang， Baokang， Laohekou， Shiyan， Fangxian， Suizhou， Xiaochang， Dawu， Guangshui and other places， where the cultivated area increases year after year. At present， the cultivated area of oil peony in Hubei Province is 6 666 hm 2 with the total yield reaching 5 000 t. There are oil peony bases with an area of over 666.67 hm 2 in Suixian County， Laohekou and Dawu. After the rapid expansion in 2013-2016， the development of oil peony in Hubei and even China turned into the plateau period and adjustment period in 2017， mainly shown as the decrease in the price of peony， which was decreased from 20-30 Yuan/kg in previous years to the 16 Yuan/kg. The sales of seedlings also fell sharply， and both seeds and seedlings fell in both amount and price. After the rapid development in the initial stage， the peony industry inevitably comes to the plateau and adjustment periods， which is mainly summarized in the following aspects. Unsustainable peony seedlingbased consumption pattern
In the early stage of rapid expansion， many gardens have not yet been put into production， and the yield is quite limited. Most of the peony seeds are used for seedling breeding， resulting in very limited amounts of peony seeds for processing. Thus， many processing plants are running under their production capacity， and the price of peony seeds is also staying at a high level. After 3-4 years of rapid development， with the slowdown of the production and expansion of the early gardens， the price of peony seeds has gradually declined. Many growers tend to be rational， and there are also quite a few people holding a waitandsee attitude， resulting in a great decline in the demand for seedlings.
Differentiation of oil peony growers
Due to the optimistic estimation and the high expectations of the industry in the early stage， many enterprises and largescale planters take the land at high prices， and develop the oil peony industry with high costs of cultivated land， together with the large scale planting， resulting in high land use cost， management cost and labor cost every year. At the same time， due to the relatively long period and the slow outcomes of oil peony industry， many enterprises have tight capital chains and the business risks are not good.
Technical and management problems
Due to the lack of technical guidance， many growers and government departments have purchased weak， diseased and old seedlings to build gardens， resulting in slow growth， low yield and efficiency， which is difficult for forest establishment. At the same time， the cultivation of oil peony in Hubei Province directly copies the cultivation mode in northern China， resulting in tight planting， serious pests and diseases， inconvenient pod harvesting， and increased management costs in later stages. Some farmers have no understanding of the characteristics of oil peony which is sensitive to herbicides， and abuse herbicides， resulting in catastrophic consequences of a great number of dead seedlings and even the destruction of the whole garden[10].
Prominent oil peony processing problems
Due to the rapid expansion of oil peony industry， peony seeds are mainly used for seedling breeding. Most of the processing plants have no raw materials for processing， which also objectively makes the processing enterprises lack motivation in scale expansion and technological transformation in Hubei Province. Compared with that in Shandong and other provinces， the development and industrialization of oil peony in Hubei Province is relatively lagged behind， which has few processing enterprises and single product structure. The extraction technology is still in the exploration stage. The lagged processing technology and low oil yield do great damage to the nutrient content of peony seed oil[8，10]. At the same time， due to the lag in product processing and development， many enterprises adopt OEM products for OEM production， which is lack of influence， making it difficult to form wellknown brands. Poor oil peony technical support
At present， there is a lack a professional oil peony research team and corresponding project and funding support for oil peony industry in Hubei Province. The relevant researchers are scattered in the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hubei Academy of Forestry， Institute of Forestry and Pomology Sciences of Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Xiangyang City Forestry Instituted in Hubei Province. There are few cooperation mechanisms among the institutes， and there is also a lack of discipline integration and overall development planning. The governmentfunded research funding is also relatively small. Most of them rely on selfraised funds to conduct sporadic research， which is difficult to form academic research results.
Countermeasures and Suggestions for the Healthy Development of Oil Peony Industry in Hubei Province
At present， after the rapid expansion period， the oil peony industry in Hubei Province has begun to take shape. However， compared with the development plan of more than 666.67 hm 2 of oil peony proposed by Shandong， Anhui， Henan and other provinces[7]， the overall scale and planting area of oil peony is still small in Hubei Province. Since the scale and quality have not yet reached the national average level in China， it has entered the adjustment period and differentiation period. Without scientific guidance and reasonable planning， the development of oil peony industry in Hubei Province is at risk of stagnation or even retrogression.
Making full use of the ornamental value of peony， and participating in projects of returning farmland to forests， beautiful villages and ecological construction
Oil peony is an important carrier for the development of peony featured ecotourism. As a traditional national flower for Chinese people， peony is rich in color with high ornamental value. It can be planted in small amounts to beautify the courtyards and roads， or planted in large scale to beautify the barren hills and improve the ecological environment. The combination of excellent ecological environment with peony characteristics in the mountainous area can provide visitors with a comprehensive peony theme ecotour integrated with sightseeing， food experience and health， which drives the development of urban and rural tourism and service industry[7].
The oil peony can grow in a wide range of regions. It has tolerances to cold， drought and barren soils. Therefore， it is suitable to plant on relatively thin and arid barren hills， suitable forest land， and returned farmland. It can also be planted under the forests by encouraging forest farmers through active guidance and technical support. The development of oil peony has important comprehensive economic and ecological benefits. Combined with Chinas returning farmland to forest project and beautiful rural construction， the largescale construction of oil peony forests can provide rich edible oil and chemical raw materials for the development of peony characteristic industry， making China become a major country in the development of the new peony woody oil industry. Oil peony can have no rotation for 30-50 years， which is laborsaving， timesaving and costsaving. It does not affect the growth of forest trees， neither compete with grain for land. On the other hand， it can increase farmers income， and can consolidate the results of returning farmland to forests. Miao XU et al. Current Situations and Suggestions for Development of Oil Peony Industry in Hubei Province
Making full use of resource advantages， and developing resource evaluation and utilization
The QinlingBashan mountainous area of Hubei Province is in the transitional zone between north and south climates， where the peony resources are relatively abundant. Therefore， it should make full use of resource advantages， and carry out resource collection， evaluation and utilization. The 2 varieties of Fengdan and Ziban have high yield and oil content and oil quality. However， under the conditions of longterm breeding and artificial cultivation， many variations have occurred， and the differences between individual plants have become more and more obvious. In order to facilitate largescale planting and mechanized harvesting， it is the key direction for future work to choose the compact plant type with short planting cycle， high yield of peony seeds and excellent quality.
In terms of breeding methods， it should vigorously carry out seedling selection and appropriate crossbreeding. Efforts should be made to breed a group of excellent group progeny with strong resistance， high yield， multipod （5-8）， high oil yield， high contents of unsaturated acids and αlinolenic acid， and good consistency. Hybrid breeding is mainly based on the central plain variety group and the south variety group， and combines with hybrid combination of Fengdan and Ziban as parents， to breed new varieties which can fit the different climate characteristics in Hubei Province and have good qualities of Fengdan and Ziban.
At the same time， molecular breeding can be used to carry out molecular breeding to find the molecular markers associated with plant type， seed setting rate， 1 000grain weight， pod number， unsaturated fatty acid content， and αlinolenic acid content of oil peony， so as to improve the early screening efficiency of seedling progenies and hybrid progenies.
Promoting the intensive processing of oil peony， and extending the industrial chain of products
As the oil peony developed in the early stage has been put into production， there will be more and more peony seeds that can be used for processing. On the basis of stabilizing the area and increasing the output， efforts should be made to improve the processing capacity and ensure the smooth sales of the peony seeds， which is an important guarantee for the healthy development of the oil peony industry. Advanced processing technologies like CO2 supercritical low temperature extraction should be promoted and optimized to reduce processing costs. On the basis of the production of highquality peony seed oil， efforts should be made to promote the establishment of intensive processing enterprises related with peony products， further develop the deep processing of peony seed oil， and develop cosmetics， medicines， health products and food additives related to peony tea， peony oil， tree peony bark and peony seed oil， so as to further extend the industrial chain of oil peony and enhance industrial value[11-13].
Peony is the national flower for Chinese people. Therefore， it is of important practical significance for the increase of farmers incomes in mountain areas and construction of beautiful homes to highlight the ecological characteristics of peony culture， extend the oil peony industrial chain， realize the sustainable development of environmental friendliness and comprehensive utilization， and make good issues in the culture， economy and ecology of peony[7].
References
[1] FAN QJ. Study on the genetic relationship between Jiangnan peony cultivars and the techniques for flower bud differentiation and the secondary flowering in the open field[D]. Hangzhou： Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University， 2011.
[2] ZHAI LJ， SHI QQ， LUO XN， et al. Genetic diversity of wild peony varieties in Qinba Mountain area[A]. Chinese Horticultural Society. Progress in Chinese ornamental horticulture， 2017[M]. Beijing： China Forestry Press， 2017.
[3] CHEN HL， YANG YL， ZHANG XY， et al. Research progress on Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. for oil[J]. Hubei Forestry Science and Technology， 2013，42（5）：41-44.
[4] WANG ZY， WANG XH， LIU ZG， et al. Comparison of horticultural traits and oil content in different oil peony varieties[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences ，2016， 44（1）：70-72.
[5] Ministry of Health of the Peoples Republic of China. Announcement No. 9， 2011[J]. China Food Additives， 2011（ 2）： 264.
[6] Central Peoples Government of the Peoples Republic of China. State Affairs： Opinions of the General Office on accelerating the development of woody oil industry[EB/OL]. http：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/201501/13/cooteot_9386.htm， 20150113.
[7] SHI GA， JIAO FX， JIAO YP， et al. Development prospects and strategies of oil tree peony industry in China[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association， 2014， 29（9）： 124-127. [8] CHEN HL， DAI JH， YANG YL， et al. On development advantages of Paeonia suffruticosa of oil industry in Hubei[J]. Hubei Forestry Science and Technology，2013， 42（6）：49-52.
[9] YI YM， ZHANG YT， AI XR， et al. Investigation on cultivar resources and growth analysis of Paeonia suffruticosa in Enshi[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences， 2011 ，50（18）： 3754-3756， 3760.
[10] TONG Z， SUN ZH， QIU WM， et al. Major technical issues and recommendations about development of peony industry in Hubei Province[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences， 2017， 56（24）： 4802-4804.
[11] YI JP， ZHU WX， MA HL， et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. seed oil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery， 2009， 40（12）： 144-150.
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