一个时代的政权突然发生转换后,它在文化上的变化是如何发生的?这是研究中国当代历史不能回避的问题。一个新时代的到来,在文化上的要求,是适应它的意识形态,这是很自然的事情。按说,一个时代政治转换以后,大文化上是较难突然完成的,但五十年代初期,中国社会的突然转型,对于知识分子的适应来说,好象并不是一件很难的事,观察五十年代的出版物会发现,中国许多知识分子几乎是在一夜之间,就完成了他们思想上的变化,当然我们不能把他们那些表态性的文字和他们的思想直接等同起来,但知识分子在极短时间内所发生的变化是值得注意的文化现象。可以有两种解释,一是新时代政治上的压力过于强大;二是知识分子对于新时代还有自觉认同的要求,这两种东西结合在一起,可能是他们变化的普遍条件。不是说没有人对新时代的新文化表现出抵抗性,比如陈寅恪就写过“而今举国皆沉醉,何处千秋翰墨林”。但对于多数知识分子来说,对于新时代的政治要求,没有表现出普遍的抵抗性,可能是他们后来悲剧命运的开始。作为日常生活的变化,在一个新时代里,最突出的文化变革要算是教科书的变化。除了教科书以 After a sudden change of regime in an era, how does its cultural change take place? This is an issue that can not be avoided in studying contemporary Chinese history. The advent of a new era, the cultural requirements, is to adapt to its ideology, which is a very natural thing. It is said that after the political transition in an era, it is harder to suddenly accomplish a large-scale culture. However, in the early 1950s, the sudden transformation of Chinese society did not seem like a difficult task for the adaptation of intellectuals. Observe Fifties publications will find that many of China's intellectuals completed their ideological changes almost overnight, and of course we can not directly equate their discernible words with their ideas, but intellectuals Changes that take place in a very short period of time are notable cultural phenomena. There are two explanations. First, political pressure in the new era is too strong. Second, intellectuals have the requirement of consciously approving a new era. The combination of these two things may be the universal condition for their change. Not to say that no one has shown resistance to the new culture of the new era. For example, Chen Yinke wrote “Now all the country is intoxicated, where are you from afar?” For most intellectuals, however, they did not show any general resistance to the political demands of the new era and may be the beginning of their tragic fate. As a change in daily life, in a new era, the most prominent cultural change should be regarded as a textbook change. In addition to textbooks