马克思的“共产主义社会第一阶段” ,从当时的文化背景看 ,实际上表达的是人类社会第二次转化。马克思、恩格斯以及与他们关系密切的马克思主义者均不将“共产主义社会第一阶段”看作覆盖全社会的纯粹的公有制。“共产主义社会第一阶段”是空想社会主义和巴黎公社经验的互补 ,是公有制生长的起点和过程。过渡时期包含着资本主义的灭亡 (即最后阶段 )和共产主义的生长 (即第一阶段 )以及二者的此消彼长 Marx’s “first phase of communism”, from the time of its cultural background, actually expressed the second transformation of human society. Marx and Engels, as well as their close Marxists, do not regard “the first phase of communist society” as purely public ownership of the entire society. “The first phase of communist society” is the complementarity between utopian socialism and the experience of the Paris Commune and the starting point and process of the growth of public ownership. The transitional period includes the demise of capitalism (ie, the final phase) and the growth of communism (ie the first phase) and the reversal of the two