人类为了生存和发展 ,以科学方法和技术手段对海洋中的矿物资源、生物资源、海水资源以及空间资源进行勘探、开采、利用等的全部活动。人类利用海洋的历史已有几千年之久。自“作网罟以佃渔、取牺牲”,经新石器时代、青铜器时代、铁器的使用及至 2 0世纪中期 ,由于经济的发展 , In order to survive and develop, human beings carry out all activities of exploration, exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, biological resources, sea water resources and space resources in the sea by scientific methods and technological means. It has been thousands of years for mankind to make use of the history of the sea. Since the “netting in order to share fishing, take sacrifices,” the Neolithic age, the Bronze Age, the use of iron until the mid-20th century, due to economic development,