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目的了解湖北省中部贫困农村地区中小学生贫血现况及饮食行为,为更好地促进学校健康教育、提高学生自我保健意识提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,从鄂东北、鄂中、鄂西北、鄂西南贫困农村地区抽取8个县(市),共32所中小学5 942名中小学生进行血红蛋白测量;同时从研究对象中抽取所有小学四、五年级和初中一、二年级学生共计2 569名进行问卷调查。结果中小学生的贫血检出率分别为14.05%,14.86%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.680,P>0.05)。男、女生贫血检出率分别为12.55%,16.72%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.666,P<0.01)。小学6~8岁组学生(15.24%,23.3%,17.72%)、初中16岁组学生(19.85%)的贫血检出率较高。贫困地区中小学生每天吃早餐的比例为74.42%,早餐都能吃饱的比例为47.29%。新鲜水果、畜禽肉类、鱼虾及贝类、蛋类、奶及其制品、豆制品的年均食用频次均不高(M值分别为365.0,365.0,104.0,365.0,365.0,365.0)。小学生、初中生回答“怎样预防缺铁性贫血”的正确率分别为24.09%,31.61%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.080,P<0.01)。结论湖北省中部贫困地区中小学生贫血检出率偏高,需加强学校健康教育,有效预防高发年龄段学生贫血的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence and diet of anemia among primary and secondary school students in poor rural areas in central Hubei Province, and to provide evidences for better promoting school health education and improving students’ self-care awareness. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect hemoglobin from 8 942 primary and secondary school students from 8 counties (cities) in poor rural areas in northeastern Hubei, Hubei, northwestern Hubei and southwestern Hubei Province. At the same time, A total of 2 569 students from the fourth and fifth grades of primary school and first and second grade students from primary schools were sampled for questionnaires. Results The prevalence of anemia in primary and secondary school students was 14.05% and 14.86% respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.680, P> 0.05). The detection rates of anemia in boys and girls were 12.55% and 16.72% respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 20.666, P <0.01). Primary school students aged 6-8 years (15.24%, 23.3%, 17.72%), junior high school students aged 16 (19.85%) had a higher prevalence of anemia. Poverty-stricken primary and middle school students eat breakfast every day, the proportion of 74.42%, can eat breakfast was 47.29%. Fresh fruits, poultry and meat, fish and shrimp and shellfish, eggs, milk and their products, and soy products had low average annual consumption (M values were 365.0,365.0,104.0,365.0,365.0,365.0 respectively). Primary school students, junior high school students answer “How to prevent iron deficiency anemia,” the correct rate was 24.09%, 31.61%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 18.080, P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in primary and secondary school students in poverty-stricken areas of central Hubei Province is high. Health education in schools is needed to effectively prevent anemia among students of high school age.