我们知道,如果设地球质量为M,万有引力常量为G,且选物体在无穷远处的引力势能为零,则质量为m的物体在距地心r处具有的万有引力势能为E_(pr)=一GMm/r;如果设地面附近的重力加速度为g,r选地面为零势能面,则质量为m的物体在距地面h高处具有的重力势能为E_(ph)=mgh。这里,一GMm/r和mgh本质上都是物体和地球组成的系统具有的势能,那么,这两式究竟有什么区别和联系呢?下面我们先根据两式的推导过程分析它们的区别。一、两式的区别假设将质量为m的物体从无限远处移至距地心 We know that if the Earth’s mass is M, the gravitational constant is G, and the gravitational potential of the selected object at infinity is zero, the gravitational potential energy of the object with mass m at the distance r from the earth’s center is E pr = If the gravitational acceleration near the ground is g and r is the zero potential energy surface, then the mass potential energy of the object with mass m has E = (ph) = mgh. Here, a GMm / r and mgh are essentially the potential energy of a system of objects and the earth. So what is the difference and connection between these two formulas? Let us first analyze the differences according to the two-type derivation process. The difference between one and two types assumes that objects of mass m are moved from infinity to the earth’s center