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村庄是农村居民生活的聚集地,村庄的各项资源禀赋以及村组织的能力会影响到村内大多数居民的生活状况,是村与村之间贫富差异的主要影响因素。本文通过对郧县、丹江口和淅川三个国家级贫困县的54个村庄、3145户农户、205名村干部的调查发现,相对于村庄的自然禀赋,村基层组织的能力禀赋对农村贫困有更深刻的影响。计量结果显示村干部的素质、基层组织为村民所提供的致富措施、村内经营种类的多样化以及村内基础设施的健全与否显著影响整个村的贫困状态。个体的能力只会使一个家庭脱贫,由于我国乡村天然的紧密联系,村组织的能力禀赋对缓解贫困发挥的作用大于个人能力。因此扶贫项目在瞄准贫困村时应更多地关注农村基层组织的能力建设。
Villages are the places where rural residents live. The resource endowments of villages and the capacity of village organizations will affect the living conditions of most residents in the village, which is the main factor that affects the differences between the villages. Through the survey of 54 villages, 3145 households and 205 village cadres in three county-level poverty-stricken counties of Yun County, Danjiangkou and Xichuan, the survey found that the capacity endowment of village grass-roots organizations is more relative to rural poverty than the natural endowments of villages profound impact. Measurement results show that the quality of village cadres, grass-roots organizations for the rich measures provided by the villagers, the diversification of the types of village operations and the sound infrastructure in the village significantly affect the entire village’s poverty status. The individual’s ability to lift one family out of poverty alone and the capacity endowments of village organizations to contribute more to alleviating poverty are greater than those of individuals due to the natural close ties in our country’s countryside. Therefore, poverty alleviation projects should pay more attention to the capacity building of rural grassroots organizations when targeting poor villages.