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微型计算机是七十年代初期出现的、以大规模集成电路做成的、微处理器为核心构成的一代新型计算机。1971年美国Intel公司首先研制出单片4位的微处理器4004,采用PMOS半导体工艺。它是在台式计算机基础上发展起来的单片中央处理装置,外配适量的存储器、外部设备及必要的控制电路,以构成一个简单的计算系统,没有中断功能,主要用于十进制串行运算及简单的数据处理,基本上仍是一种可编程序的高级计数器。不久,Intel公司又研制出8位的单片微处理器8008,它具有完整的指令系统、中断系统、中央处理部分,作为一个独立的计算机系统的中央处理装置,已与计算器有原则的区别,指令执行时间约20微秒,这是微处理机的第一代产品。
Microcomputer is a new generation of computer that appears in the early seventies and is made up of a large-scale integrated circuit and a microprocessor as the core. In 1971 the United States Intel company first developed a single 4-bit microprocessor 4004, using PMOS semiconductor technology. It is based on the desktop computer developed single-chip central processing unit, with the right amount of memory, external devices and the necessary control circuit to form a simple computing system, without interruption, mainly for decimal serial computing and Simple data processing is basically still a programmable advanced counter. Soon, Intel Corporation also developed an 8-bit monolithic microprocessor 8008, which has a complete command system, interrupt system, central processing unit, as a separate computer system central processing unit, has a principle difference with the calculator , Instruction execution time of about 20 microseconds, which is the first generation of microprocessor products.