哈特在1961年《法律的概念》一书中首次明确提出“内在观点”理论。通过“内在观点”作为桥梁,传统法律实证主义所强调的服从也就完成了向义务的转变。在与德沃金的论战中,哈特以及其他的法律实证主义学者对“内在观点”又有了进一步的发展。笔者也提出一种新的分类方法,加入一些新的视角,明晰“内在观点”的外延。 Hart, for the first time in his 1961 book, The Concept of Law, explicitly put forward the theory of “internal perspectives.” Through the “inner perspective” as a bridge, the obedience emphasized by the traditional legal positivism has also completed the transformation to the obligation. In the debate with Dworkin, Hart and other legal positivists further developed their “inner perspectives.” The author also proposed a new classification method, adding some new perspectives and clarifying the “inner view” of the extension.