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我国现行《保险法》有关妨碍保险代位之规范问题丛生,解释与适用上见解分歧。未来完善之道应在坚守“区分说”及其立法例的前提下,对不同时点的妨碍代位规范予以细化。对被保险人在“保险合同缔结前”与“保险合同缔结后、保险事故发生前”的免除行为,应分别适用“告知义务”与“危险程度增加通知义务”之法理予以规范,以填补现行法的漏洞;对被保险人在“保险事故发生后、保险理赔前”的放弃或和解,应舍现行法所采“免除保险给付义务”之立法政策,改采“依妨碍之程度减轻责任”之立法政策,以符公平正义之法谛;对被保险人在保险理赔后的放弃或和解,在禁止妨碍代位的同时,须强化被保险人积极协助代位的义务,以使保险人的代位权得以顺利行使。
China’s current “Insurance Law” hinder the insurance subrogation rules clusters, explanation and application of differences of opinion. The way to improve in the future should adhere to the premise of “distinguishing” and its legislative cases, and elaborate the norms of impeding subrogation at different times. The exemption shall be applied separately to the insured prior to the conclusion of the contract of insurance contract and the insurance contract before the occurrence of the insurance accident. “The obligation of notification” and “the obligation to increase the danger level” The legal principle should be regulated to fill in the loopholes in the current law; to the insured in the “insurance accident, insurance claims before the” abandonment or settlement, should be discounted by the current law “exempt from insurance payment obligations” of the legislative policy, The principle of fairness and justice shall be followed in accordance with the legislative policy of “reducing liability according to the degree of obstruction”; if the insurer gives up or reconciliation after claiming insurance, it shall strengthen the activeness of the insured Assist the subrogation obligation to enable the subrogation of the insurer to be successfully exercised.