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目的了解2012—2015年广西铁路系统作业场所中主要职业病危害因素及危害程度,提出针对性职业病危害防护措施。方法对铁路系统进行职业卫生现场调查,对2012—2015年广西铁路系统作业场所中职业病危害因素检测数据统计分析,研究铁路系统中职业病危害因素强度及存在的环节。结果电务段、机车车辆厂、车辆段和机务段等作业工人接触噪声8 h等效声级合格率均低于60%,超标的27个工种中,有15个工种(56%)8 h等效声级超过90 d B(A)。车辆段、机务段、工务段部分作业工人接触空气中粉尘浓度超标,超标工种有钳工、打砂工、吹扫工、烤砂工和电焊工。作业工人接触空气中化学有毒气体基本合格。结论 2012—2015年广西铁路系统中噪声危害最大,其次是粉尘危害。亟需采取降噪工程措施。引进新设备,加强自动化和密闭化,加强隔声减震措施。在电焊、打砂、吹扫等粉尘较大的工作岗位增加移动吸尘器,增加喷漆岗位通风量,并加强个人防护。
Objective To understand the main occupational hazards and the degree of harm in the workplaces of Guangxi railway system from 2012 to 2015 and to put forward the protective measures against occupational hazards. Methods The occupational health field survey was conducted on the railway system. The statistical analysis of occupational hazards in the workplaces of Guangxi railway system from 2012 to 2015 was conducted to study the intensity and existing links of occupational hazards in the railway system. Results The qualified rate of 8 h equivalent noise level of working workers in the electric locomotive depot, locomotive depot, depot and locomotive depot were less than 60%. Of the 27 types of work that exceeded the standard, 15 (56%) were exposed for 8 h The equivalent sound level exceeds 90 d B (A). Part of the vehicle depot, locomotive depot, part of the working hours of exposure to airborne workers exceed the standard concentration of over-scale workers have sand fitter, sand blasting workers, sweeping workers, grilling workers and welders. Operating workers exposed to air basically toxic chemical gases. Conclusion The noise in Guangxi railway system is the most harmful from 2012 to 2015, followed by the dust hazard. Urgent need to take noise reduction engineering measures. Introducing new equipment, strengthening automation and decontamination, and strengthening sound insulation and vibration reduction measures. In the welding, sand blasting, dust and other dust larger jobs to increase the mobile vacuum cleaner, increase the amount of paint ventilation, and enhance personal protection.