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邓小平理论中在中国开办经济特区是一项重大创举,是实行改革开放建设具有中国特色社会主义的一条新路子。经过十多年的艰苦实践,中国五个特区的经济都高速发展,但是特区之间经济发展的差异性及其成因,值得进行比较研究,以求取长补短,发挥各自的经济特点和优势,实现持续、快速发展,达到共同繁荣,这是具有重要现实意义的。 一、中国特区的经济发展状况 下面拟就特区经济发展规模、速度、效益、水平进行比较。 (1)经济发展规模不断扩大。五个特区的经济发展规模不断扩大,1993年国内生产总值(GDP),深圳已达413.54亿元,海南204.13亿元,汕头124.04亿元,珠海121.87亿元,厦门108.03亿元。在五个特区生产的国内生产总值970.7亿元总规模中,深圳占42.8％,海南占21.0％,汕头占12.8％,珠海占12.6％,厦门占11.1％。就是说,经济发展规模最大首推深圳,特区之间经济发展规模大小,相差近3倍。 (2)经济发展都是高速度的。1993年比1984年,深圳增长15.6倍,珠海增长15.5倍,厦门增长4.3倍,汕头增长4.2倍;海南1993年比1986年增长3.4倍,速度也相当快,但特区之间经济发展速度也相差3倍多。珠海经济发展规模虽比海南小许多,但发展速度却比海南快得多。
The establishment of a special economic zone in China in Deng Xiaoping Theory is a major undertaking and a new way of implementing the policy of reform and opening up and building socialism with Chinese characteristics. After more than 10 years of painstaking practice, the five special economic zones of China have witnessed rapid economic growth. However, the differences in the economic development between the SEZs and their causes deserve to be studied comparatively in order to draw on each other’s strengths and bring about their respective economic characteristics and advantages for sustained development. It is of great practical significance to achieve rapid development and achieve common prosperity. I. Economic Development in China’s Special Region The following is a comparison of the scale, speed, efficiency and level of economic development in the SAR. (1) The scale of economic development is constantly expanding. The GDP of the five special economic zones expanded continuously. In 1993, gross domestic product (GDP) reached 41.354 billion yuan in Shenzhen, 20.413 billion yuan in Hainan, 12.404 billion yuan in Shantou, 12.18 billion yuan in Zhuhai and 10.803 billion yuan in Xiamen. Among the total GDP of 97.07 billion yuan produced in the five special economic zones, Shenzhen accounted for 42.8%, Hainan accounted for 21.0%, Shantou accounted for 12.8%, Zhuhai accounted for 12.6% and Xiamen accounted for 11.1%. In other words, the largest economic development devaluation in Shenzhen, the size of the economic development between the SAR, a difference of nearly 3 times. (2) Economic development is high-speed. In 1993, compared with 1984, Shenzhen increased 15.6 times, Zhuhai increased 15.5 times, Xiamen increased 4.3 times, Shantou increased 4.2 times; Hainan 1993 increased 3.4 times over 1986, the speed is quite fast, but the speed of economic development between the SEZs also differ 3 times more. Although the scale of economic development in Zhuhai is much smaller than that in Hainan, the pace of development is much faster than in Hainan.