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肺曲霉病并非罕见病,是临床工作中的常见病,临床中常将肺真菌病分为3型:寄生型肺曲霉病(即肺曲霉球)、侵袭性肺曲霉病和变态反应性肺曲霉病。其致病菌为曲霉菌(主要为烟曲霉),曲霉孢子可以通过呼吸道直接入侵,引起感染、发生过敏反应及毒素中毒而致病。因为人类生活环境遭到毁坏,抗生素、糖皮质激素的不合理使用,癌症、血液系统疾病等发病率的上升,及器官移植等导致的免疫缺陷患者的增长[1-3],肺曲霉病的发病率逐年增加。由于其临床表现缺乏特异性,缺乏有效的诊断手段,误诊率高,故肺曲霉病是导致免疫缺陷患者肺部感染以及死亡的重要原因[4],因此如何正确的早期诊断和早期治疗时间的选择是非常关键[5],本文就肺曲霉菌病的治疗进展进行概述。
Pulmonary aspergillosis is not a rare disease and is a common disease in clinical practice. Pulmonary fungal diseases are often classified into type 3 in clinical practice: parasitic pulmonary aspergillosis (aspergillus pneumophila), invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and allergic pulmonary aspergillosis . Its pathogenic bacteria Aspergillus (mainly Aspergillus fumigatus), Aspergillus spores can be directly invaded through the respiratory tract, causing infection, allergic reactions and toxin poisoning and disease. Because of the destruction of human living environment, the increase of the incidence of antibiotics, inappropriate use of glucocorticoids, the incidence of cancer and blood system diseases, and the growth of immunodeficiency patients caused by organ transplantation, etc. [1-3] The incidence increased year by year. Because of its lack of specificity of clinical manifestations, the lack of effective diagnostic tools, high misdiagnosis rate, so pulmonary aspergillosis is the leading cause of lung infections and death in patients with immunodeficiency [4], so how to correct the early diagnosis and early treatment of time The choice is critical [5], this article summarizes the progress of treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis.