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【目的】探求小麦氮肥最佳用量与合理施用方法。【方法】本文开展了减少氮肥用量与不同施用方法对土壤养分及小麦生长影响的田间试验。【结果】减施一定量的氮肥,在小麦苗期土壤0~20 cm土层铵态氮含量与硝态氮含量并不显著减少,对小麦苗期土壤的有效磷与速效钾影响不明显;减施一定量的氮肥对小麦的叶绿素含量影响不显著;减施一定量的氮肥对小麦生长氮含量的影响不明显,但减少了小麦籽粒与秸杆的氮含量,对磷、钾的含量影响不明显。【结论】从经济与环境的角度综合考虑,减施20%氮肥是可行的。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the optimum nitrogen application rate and reasonable application method of wheat. 【Method】 In this paper, we conducted field trials to reduce the effects of nitrogen rates and different application methods on soil nutrients and wheat growth. 【Result】 The results showed that the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-20 cm soil layer did not decrease significantly in wheat seedling stage, but had no significant effect on available phosphorus and available potassium in wheat seedling stage. However, the effect of reducing nitrogen fertilizer on wheat nitrogen content was not obvious, but reducing nitrogen content on wheat grain and straw, and the content of phosphorus and potassium Not obvious. 【Conclusion】 From the perspective of economy and environment, it is feasible to reduce nitrogen fertilizer by 20%.