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目的了解北京市综合医院急性上呼吸道感染患者头孢菌素类抗菌药物的应用情况。方法利用北京市十所三级综合医院城镇职工医疗保险数据资料,选取其中诊断为急性上呼吸道感染的急诊病例作为研究样本,对头孢菌素类抗菌药的使用频率及种类进行描述与分析。结果共纳入135 979例急性上呼吸道感染急诊病例资料,病例年龄为(43.6±16.2)岁,男性占42.7%。抗菌药物总体使用率为71.2%,其中头孢菌素类抗菌药的使用率为55.3%。急性扁桃体炎头孢菌素的使用率最高为64.6%,其余依次为急性喉炎和气管炎63.6%,急性会厌炎59.0%,急性鼻窦炎57.9%,普通感冒53.4%,急性鼻咽炎51.9%。在使用头孢菌素类抗菌药的病例中,有45.8%的病例使用了注射剂。头孢菌素的应用种类以第二代应用最多(J01DB,56.1%),其余依次为第三代(J01DD,42.8%)、第一代(J01DB,1.2%)和第四代(J01DE,0.0%)。结论目前我国急性上呼吸道感染病例头孢菌素使用率较高,需要进一步加强对抗菌药物临床应用的监督、检查和管理。
Objective To understand the application of cephalosporin antibiotics in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection in Beijing General Hospital. Methods Based on the data of medical insurance for urban employees in 10 tertiary general hospitals in Beijing, the emergency cases diagnosed as acute upper respiratory tract infection were selected as the research samples to describe and analyze the frequency and types of cephalosporin antibacterials. Results A total of 135 979 cases of acute upper respiratory tract infection were enrolled. The age of the patients was (43.6 ± 16.2) years old and the male was 42.7%. The overall use of antimicrobial agents was 71.2%, of which the use of cephalosporin antimicrobial agents was 55.3%. The highest incidence of acute tonsillitis cephalosporin 64.6%, followed by acute laryngitis and tracheitis 63.6%, acute epiphysis 59.0%, acute sinusitis 57.9%, common cold 53.4%, 51.9% of acute nasopharyngitis. In the case of cephalosporin antibacterials, 45.8% of the cases used injection. Cephalosporins were most widely used in the second generation (J01DB, 56.1%), followed by the third generation (J01DD, 42.8%), the first generation (J01DB, 1.2%) and the fourth generation (J01DE, 0.0% ). Conclusions At present, the utilization rate of cephalosporins in acute upper respiratory tract infection in our country is high, and the supervision, inspection and management of clinical application of antibacterial drugs need to be further strengthened.