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【目的】探讨胸腺嘧啶磷酸化酶(TP)、二氢吡啶脱氢酶(DPD)在结直肠癌组织中的表达情况及其与 XELOX化疗效果的相关性。【方法】用 ELISA 双抗体夹心法检测58例结直肠癌患者癌组织中 TP 和DPD的表达量,以 TP 和 DPD的中位数为分界,将患者分为高表达组和低表达组,患者术后均接受 XELOX方案进行化疗,4个疗程后,比较不同TP和DPD的表达水平患者的早期疗效。对所有患者进行随访12~36个月,行Kaplan-Meier生存分析,比较比较不同TP和DPD的表达水平患者的预后生存情况。【结果】TP 高表达组和低表达组行 XELOX化疗方案的短期临床疗效相比差异无显著性(P >0.05)；TP 高表达组中位生存时间显著高于低表达组(P 0.05).The median survival time of TP high expression group was significantly higher than that of low expression group (P <0.05).The efficiency and the median survival time of XELOX chemotherapy regimen in DPD high expression group were lower than those in low expression group,and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05).[Conclusion]The expression level of TP and DPD in colorectal cancer is related to the clinical efficacy of XELOX chemotherapy,and it can be used as one of the important indicators to predict the efficacy of XELOX chemotherapy.