一、引言成堆干馏和焦油简易加工有许多显著的优点:(一)生产设备简单,绝大部份都可以就地取材,因陋就简;(二)规模可大可小、建厂快、投资少、资金回收年限短;(三)操作技术不复杂,容易掌握;(四)生产的原料有很大的灵活性,同一个工厂可以处理油母页岩,也可以处理煤;(五)成堆干馏炉的采油率已经达到目前国际上各种成熟的干馏炉的水平,油母页岩成堆干馏的采油率已能超过抚顺式干馏炉;(六)主要产品(柴油)和主要副产品(硫铵)都是 I. INTRODUCTION Piles of dry distillation and simple processing of tar have many significant advantages: (1) The production equipment is simple and the vast majority of the raw materials can be obtained locally because of their simplicity; (2) (3) The operating technique is not complicated and easy to grasp; (4) There is a great deal of flexibility in the raw materials for production; the same factory can handle the oil shale and can also handle coal; The oil recovery rate has reached the level of all kinds of mature retorters in the world at present, and the oil recovery rates of heap shale piles can exceed that of Fushun retort. (6) The main products (diesel oil) and the major by-products