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在资本主义体系下,动物被视为有价值的资本或者无用的废物,那么作为当今最具影响力的电影媒介在发挥政治介入功能时,如何将动物从“生产—消费—再循环”的资本主义怪圈里解放出来?本文先以尼可·舒肯的“动物资本”这一概念来解释动物与资本主义是如何联系在一起的,以及二者与电影之间的进一步关系。由于在资本主义的早期发展中和在资本主义的电影业中都对动物进行了广泛的利用,用“救赎”这个概念来讨论纪录片(尤其是数字纪录片)在拯救电影媒介(作为物质化的资本主义和剥削动物身体的帮凶)中的作用也就是合适的。本文从舒肯的“动物资本”到作者提出的“垃圾动物”来探讨动物保护行动以及在纪录片里如何展示这些行为的电影修辞方式。通过梳理研究当代纪录片里的动物资本和垃圾动物,本文对动物保护行动主义者较为积极正面的希望话语和使用的修辞方式予以了特别的关注。
Under the capitalist system, animals are regarded as valuable capital or useless waste. As the most influential movie media nowadays, when playing the function of political intervention, how can animals be recycled from “production-consumption-recycling” Liberated from the capitalist cycle? In this paper, Nicole Shuken’s “Animal Capital” is first used to explain how animals and capitalism are linked together, and the relationship between the two and the film. With the widespread use of animals in both early capitalist development and in the capitalist film industry, the notion of “salvation” is used to discuss the role of documentaries, especially digital documentaries, in the salvation of the cinema media The capitalist and the accomplice of animal body exploitation). This article discusses the animal rhetoric of animal protection from “Animal Capital” by Shukan to “Animal junk” by the author, and the film rhetoric about how to show these behaviors in documentary films. By combing animal capital and junk animals in contemporary documentaries, this article pays special attention to the more positive and positive rhetoric of animal protection activists.