采用实验法和同伴提名相结合的方式,对4～5岁幼儿社会规则认知及其与同伴关系间的相关性进行探讨,结果表明:(1)4～5岁幼儿社会规则认知(包括道德规则认知和习俗规则认知)与其同伴关系呈显著正相关,进一步的回归分析结果显示,幼儿社会规则认知水平能够预测其同伴关系的水平。(2)社会规则认知在幼儿性别差异方面未达到显著水平。(3)幼儿同伴关系性别差异显著。 Using the combination of experimental method and peer nomination, this study explored the social rules cognition of children aged 4 ~ 5 years and their correlation with peer relationships. The results showed that: (1) Social rules cognition of children aged 4-5 years (including Moral cognition and customary rule cognition) were positively correlated with their peer relationships. Further regression analysis showed that the cognitive level of children’s social rules can predict the level of their peer relationships. (2) Social rules cognition did not reach significant level in young children’s gender differences. (3) There was significant gender difference in children’s peer relationship.