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为了逐步掌握天津地区春小麦幼穗分化时期的特殊性,为发展春小麦生产,制定合理的栽培技术措施提供依据。一九七四年,在汉沽区芦后大队观察了京红1号、科春14、墨依、7313等4个品种(系)的穗分化过程。从幼穗分化开始到抽穗为止,共38—40天左右,将其划分为八个阶段:(1) 生长锥伸长期(2—3天);(2) 穗轴分化期(3天);(3) 小穗原始体分化期(6—9天);(4) 护颖原始体分化期(4—5天);(5) 小花原始体分化期(2—5天);(6) 雌雄蕊原始体分化期(3—5天);(7) 雌雄蕊形成期(7—9天);(8) 生殖细胞形成期(5—6天)。通过对一些外部形态指标等的分析,发现幼穗分化时期与叶龄指数、抽穗期的关系密切,与生育期也有一定的关系,利用这些相关性状,可以在田间快速、简便的鉴定出幼穗分化时期。根据观察证明天津地区春小麦幼穗分化时间与东北春麦区相当,说明发展这一新兴作物是可行的。在生产上需根据春小麦生长发育快,穗分化开始早、生育期短的特点,适时早播、施好种肥、争取早出苗、延长穗轴分化期、巧施拔节肥、创造充足的肥水条件。以争取穗大粒多,夺得高产。
In order to grasp the particularity of the period of spike differentiation of spring wheat in Tianjin, it provides the basis for the development of spring wheat and the development of reasonable cultivation techniques and measures. In 1974, we observed the spike differentiation of four varieties (lines), Jinghong 1, Kechun 14, Moyi, 7313, etc., in the Lugu Brigade in Hangu District. From young spike differentiation to heading, about 38-40 days, it is divided into eight stages: (1) growth cone elongation period (2-3 days); (2) cob differentiation stage (3 days); (4) Protected primitive differentiation (4-5 days); (5) Primordial floret differentiation (2-5 days); (6) Stamens and pistil primordial differentiation (3-5 days); (7) Stamens forming period (7-9 days); (8) Germ cell formation period (5-6 days). Through the analysis of some external morphological indexes, it was found that the relationship between young panicle differentiation and leaf age index, heading date is closely related, and also has some relationship with the growth period. Using these related traits, we can quickly and easily identify young panicle in the field Differentiation period. According to the observation that the spikelet differentiation time of spring wheat in Tianjin is similar to that in Northeast China, indicating that it is feasible to develop this new crop. According to the characteristics of fast growth and development of spring wheat, early initiation of spike differentiation and short growth period in production, timely sowing, good fertilizer, early emergence, extension of cob differentiation, . In order to win large grains, won high yield.