海底系统整个运作周期的流动保证 ,在设计和运作中都是个关键问题。在深水海底出油管中形成水化物和石蜡 ,在墨西哥湾是个日渐显著的问题。出油管电伴热系统为解决这些海底出油管中形成水化物提供了一种简便的处理办法。 The flow assurance throughout the operational cycle of the subsea system is a key issue both in design and in operation. The formation of hydrates and paraffins in deep seabed outlets is an increasingly significant problem in the Gulf of Mexico. The out-of-pipe heat tracing system provides a simple solution to the formation of hydrates in these submarine outlines.