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污染避难所假说和要素禀赋假说是碳泄露争议最具代表性的假说。目前单边碳减排措施引致的碳泄露率集中在5%~20%。碳泄露的三个产生途径显示:碳泄露不仅从发达国家流向发展中国家,而且也发生在附件1国家之间。影响碳泄露率的因素很多,但商品国际市场整合程度、进口商品与本国商品的替代程度、化石能源供给弹性、不同行业技术的替代难易程度、碳减排技术、市场机制是影响碳泄露程度的重要因素。目前来看,解决碳泄露的市场手段是边境调节税或者在世界范围内形成碳价格。
The pollution haven hypothesis and the factor endowment hypothesis are the most representative hypotheses of the carbon leakage controversy. The current carbon emissions caused by unilateral measures to reduce carbon emissions concentrated in 5% to 20%. The three causes of carbon leakage show that carbon leakage flows not only from developed countries to developing countries, but also among Annex 1 countries. There are many factors that affect the rate of carbon leakage, but the degree of integration in the international market, the degree of substitution of imported goods and domestic products, the elasticity of supply of fossil fuels, the ease of substitution of technologies in different industries, carbon emission reduction technologies and market mechanisms are the factors that affect carbon leakage The important factor. For the time being, the market means to solve the carbon leakage is to adjust the tax on the border or to form a carbon price around the world.