智力落后性疾病的一个共同特点是患者神经元突起数目改变和形态异常 ,提示神经回路的建立和成熟与智力发育密切相关。神经元内RhoGTP酶是决定轴突、树突生长及相互构成联系的重要信号蛋白 ,对神经发育和重塑起重要作用。RhoGTP酶信号通路异常影响神经网络形成 ,可能是智力落后的机制之一。 A common feature of mental retardation disease is the number of neurons in patients with changes in the number and abnormal morphology, suggesting that the establishment and maturation of the neural circuit is closely related to mental development. RhoGTPases in neurons are important signal proteins that determine axon, dendritic growth and mutual formation. They play an important role in neural development and remodeling. Abnormality of RhoGTPase signaling pathway affects the formation of neural network, which may be one of the mechanisms of mental retardation.