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1.在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可作动词的宾语、介词的宾语和形容词的宾语。例如：
John said he would come. (作动词的宾语)
We are talking about how we can finish the task. (作介词的宾语)
I am afraid that I’ve made a mistake. (作形容词的宾语)
2.宾语从句可分为三类：
（1）以从属连词that，if，whether引导的宾语从句。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, that 通常可以省略；if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。例如，
Mom said（that） we could go out for dinner.
I don’t know if you are right.
Nobody knew whether she could pass the exam.
（2）以连接代词which，what， who等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序。例如：
Could you tell me what he told you?
I want to know which book is yours.
The teacher has already knew who was late for class.
（3）以 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导的宾语从句，从句也用陈述语序。例如：
Did she tell you when you could meet her again?
I don’t know where you can buy this book.
She explained why she came late.
Could you tell me how you use the computer?
3．宾语从句的时态
(1) 当主句为一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，可根据从句中的时间状语来决定。例如：
I want to know when he got up this morning.
I don’t know where she is.
（2）当主句为一般过去时，宾语从句要使用相应的过去时态（如：一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）。例如：
They asked what time it was.
Linda said that the train had left.
（3）当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。例如：
Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
例题解析：举一反三，学得更轻松！
1. The teacher asked the students ________.
A. if they were interested in dinosaurs
B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. what they will do with the computers
D. how many trees they have planted
解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去；主句一般过去式，从句要用与过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D，答案A中的if 意为如果，应选A。
2. Could you tell me ______ ?
A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you
C. what’s the matter with you D. what’s the wrong with you
解析：what 就是从句的主语，what’s the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并不是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C。
3.He asked me ______ I could sing the song “My Heart will Go On”.
A. if B. weather C.what D. that
解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词， 故删去D；weather 意为“天气”，根据句意应选A。
4.Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth.
A. went B. turned C. go D. turns
解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D。
5. It makes no difference ___.
A. whether will you come tomorrow.
B. Whether or not will he pass the exam
C. If he will come to the meeting or not
D. Whether he will come to the meeting or not
解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D。
6.They don’t know ____ their parents are.
A.that B. what C. why D. which
解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B。
7.I am sure ______ you said is true.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A。
8. The old man told us ______ and ________.
A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it
C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do
解析： 疑问词what 既连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确。应选C。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
1.——Do you know when the World Cup ________ next week?
——Next Friday.When it____，I will ring you.
A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin
C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins
2.——Today or tomorrow?
——Whatareyoutalkingabout?
——We are talking about ____ to give a talk on WTO.
A. how B. where C. when D. what
3. I wonder _________.
A. where does he live B. where he live
C. he lives where D. where he lives
4.——Areyousureyouhaveto ？
——It’s been very late.
——I don’t know _____ I can do it if not now.
A. where B. why C. when D. how
5. ——Would you please tell me _________?
——In a small village near Ningbo.
A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born
C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born
6. The photograph will show you ________.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
7.——Can you guess if they _______ to play basketball with us?
——I think they’ll come if they _________ free.
A. will come, will be B. will come, are
C. come, are D. come, will be
8.——Where does he come from?
——Pardon?
——I asked where_________.
A. did he come from B. he came from
C. he comes from D. does he come from
9. She wondered __________.
A. how much he cost the computer
B. how much he paid for the computer
C. how much the computer will cost him
D. how much did he spend on the computer
10.——Do you know ______?
——I’m not sure. Maybe he is a businessman.
A.who he is B. who is he
C. what he does D. what does he do
KEYS:1-5 DCDCB 6-10 BBBBA
John said he would come. (作动词的宾语)
We are talking about how we can finish the task. (作介词的宾语)
I am afraid that I’ve made a mistake. (作形容词的宾语)
2.宾语从句可分为三类：
（1）以从属连词that，if，whether引导的宾语从句。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, that 通常可以省略；if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。例如，
Mom said（that） we could go out for dinner.
I don’t know if you are right.
Nobody knew whether she could pass the exam.
（2）以连接代词which，what， who等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序。例如：
Could you tell me what he told you?
I want to know which book is yours.
The teacher has already knew who was late for class.
（3）以 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导的宾语从句，从句也用陈述语序。例如：
Did she tell you when you could meet her again?
I don’t know where you can buy this book.
She explained why she came late.
Could you tell me how you use the computer?
3．宾语从句的时态
(1) 当主句为一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，可根据从句中的时间状语来决定。例如：
I want to know when he got up this morning.
I don’t know where she is.
（2）当主句为一般过去时，宾语从句要使用相应的过去时态（如：一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）。例如：
They asked what time it was.
Linda said that the train had left.
（3）当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。例如：
Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
例题解析：举一反三，学得更轻松！
1. The teacher asked the students ________.
A. if they were interested in dinosaurs
B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. what they will do with the computers
D. how many trees they have planted
解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去；主句一般过去式，从句要用与过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D，答案A中的if 意为如果，应选A。
2. Could you tell me ______ ?
A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you
C. what’s the matter with you D. what’s the wrong with you
解析：what 就是从句的主语，what’s the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并不是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C。
3.He asked me ______ I could sing the song “My Heart will Go On”.
A. if B. weather C.what D. that
解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词， 故删去D；weather 意为“天气”，根据句意应选A。
4.Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth.
A. went B. turned C. go D. turns
解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D。
5. It makes no difference ___.
A. whether will you come tomorrow.
B. Whether or not will he pass the exam
C. If he will come to the meeting or not
D. Whether he will come to the meeting or not
解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D。
6.They don’t know ____ their parents are.
A.that B. what C. why D. which
解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B。
7.I am sure ______ you said is true.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A。
8. The old man told us ______ and ________.
A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it
C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do
解析： 疑问词what 既连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确。应选C。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
1.——Do you know when the World Cup ________ next week?
——Next Friday.When it____，I will ring you.
A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin
C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins
2.——Today or tomorrow?
——Whatareyoutalkingabout?
——We are talking about ____ to give a talk on WTO.
A. how B. where C. when D. what
3. I wonder _________.
A. where does he live B. where he live
C. he lives where D. where he lives
4.——Areyousureyouhaveto ？
——It’s been very late.
——I don’t know _____ I can do it if not now.
A. where B. why C. when D. how
5. ——Would you please tell me _________?
——In a small village near Ningbo.
A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born
C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born
6. The photograph will show you ________.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
7.——Can you guess if they _______ to play basketball with us?
——I think they’ll come if they _________ free.
A. will come, will be B. will come, are
C. come, are D. come, will be
8.——Where does he come from?
——Pardon?
——I asked where_________.
A. did he come from B. he came from
C. he comes from D. does he come from
9. She wondered __________.
A. how much he cost the computer
B. how much he paid for the computer
C. how much the computer will cost him
D. how much did he spend on the computer
10.——Do you know ______?
——I’m not sure. Maybe he is a businessman.
A.who he is B. who is he
C. what he does D. what does he do
KEYS:1-5 DCDCB 6-10 BBBBA