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微藻以其生长周期短、不占用农业耕地而被作为第三代生物柴油的首选原料。产油率不高一直是制约微藻生物柴油发展的成本瓶颈。随着现代分子生物技术的发展,采用代谢过程、基因工程的方法,实现对微藻油脂代谢调节的人工控制,从而提高微藻油脂产率将成为微藻生物柴油的发展方向。对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶、酰基CoA:二酰基甘油酰基转移酶、苹果酸酶、柠檬酸裂合酶、柠檬酸合成酶等产油微藻代谢与调控关键酶基因进行了综述。总结了提高微藻产油率的发展思路,即通过基因工程手段实现对相关酶基因调控,以提高藻油的产率、降低生物柴油的生产成本,从而为工业化生产提供有力的技术手段。
Microalgae with its short growth cycle, do not take up agricultural land but as the third generation of biodiesel preferred raw materials. Low oil production has always been the bottleneck that constrains the development of microalgal biodiesel. With the development of modern molecular biotechnology, metabolic processes and genetic engineering methods are used to realize the artificial control of oil metabolism regulation in microalgae, so as to improve the yield of microalgae oil and fat will become the development direction of microalgal biodiesel. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, acyl CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase, malic enzyme, citrate lyase, citrate synthase and other oil micro-production The key enzyme genes of metabolism and regulation of algae were reviewed. The idea of improving the oil production rate of microalgae is summarized, that is, the gene regulation of related enzymes can be achieved through genetic engineering so as to increase the production rate of algal oil and reduce the production cost of biodiesel, thereby providing a powerful technical means for industrialized production.